Australian Capital Territory
Heritage (Decision about Provisional Registration of 16 Ryrie St, Campbell) Notice 2008 (No 1)
Notifiable Instrument NI 2008 - 122
made under the
Heritage Act 2004 section 34 Notice of decision about provisional registration

1.	Name of instrument
This instrument is the Heritage (Decision about Provisional Registration for 16 Ryrie St, Campbell) Notice 2008 (No 1)

2.	Registration details of the place
Registration details of the place are at Attachment A: Provisional Register entry for 16 Ryrie St, Campbell.

3.	Reason for decision
The ACT Heritage Council has decided that 16 Ryrie St, Campbell meets one or more of the heritage significance criteria at s 10 of the Heritage Act 2004.  The provisional register entry is at Attachment A.

4.	Date of Provisional Registration
21 April 2008.

5.	Indication of council's intention
The council intends to decide whether to register the place under division 6.2.

6.	Public consultation period
The Council invites public comment by 21 May 2008 on the provisional registration of 16 Ryrie St, Campbell to

The Secretary
ACT Heritage Council
GPO Box 158
CANBERRA ACT 2602

  …………………..                            
Gerhard Zatschler
Secretary ACT Heritage Council 
GPO Box 158, Canberra ACT 2602

21 April 2008

                                             
	AUSTRALIAN CAPITAL TERRITORY

HERITAGE REGISTER
(Provisional Registration Details)

Place No:

 	

For the purposes of s. 33 of the Heritage Act 2004, an entry to the heritage register has been prepared by the ACT Heritage Council for the following place:

•	16 Ryrie St

Block 9, Section 10

CAMPBELL

DATE OF PROVISIONAL REGISTRATION

Notified: 21 April 2008 Notifiable Instrument: 2008-122

PERIOD OF EFFECT OF PROVISIONAL REGISTRATION

Start Date 21 April 2008           End Date 21 September 2008

Extended Period (if applicable)   Start Date ________    End Date ________ 

Copies of the Register Entry are available for inspection at the ACT Heritage Unit.  For further information please contact:

			The Secretary
			ACT Heritage Council
			GPO Box 158, Canberra, ACT  2601

	Telephone: 132284    Facsimile: (02) 6207 2229

IDENTIFICATION OF THE PLACE

•	16 Ryrie Street, Block 9, Section 10, Suburb of Campbell, ACT.

HISTORY OF THE PLACE

The four bedroom house was designed in 1958 by Yuncken Freeman Brothers, Griffiths and Simpson Architects, with Roy Simpson as the design architect for Captain Buchanan and construction was completed in 1960.1 

Residential settlements such as Campbell were an integral part of the creation and planning of Canberra.  Trevor Gibson, the chief Planner of Canberra between 1949 and 1958, planned the layout for Campbell that was approved by the National Capital Planning and Development Committee in 1946.  The planning greatly diverged from Walter Griffin’s planning intent for the suburb.  Griffin had proposed boulevards and multi-unit development leading onto Constitution Avenue and Prospect Parkway (a park similar to the Parc du Champ de Mars in Paris), now Anzac Parade.  Combined with the suburb of Reid these two suburbs were to have been the heart of Griffin’s prime residential district.2

The suburb of Campbell began development in 1958 and to this day consists primarily of individual houses with about 20% of the dwellings being flats and townhouses.  An aerial photograph taken in 1959 shows detached housing being developed to the inner side of Blamey Crescent.3

In 1948 the Federal Government decided to relocate all department headquarters to Canberra over the following decade.  In 1955 a Senate Select Committee criticised the failure to instigate this decision.  Three years later the National Capital Development Commission was established with one of its main aims being to further Canberra’s development as an administrative centre.4

Possibly the most urgent issue facing Canberra in the period 1959-60 was housing. The relocation of all department headquarters resulted in the near doubling of the public service in Canberra, including more than 2,000 defence personnel; many being transferred to Canberra from Melbourne.  The National Capital Development Commission’s first Annual Report stated that “A considerable number of housing and flat projects concerned with the Defence transfers in 1959 is in progress”.5

While much of the housing designed for the NCDC was flats, the house at 16 Ryrie Street, Campbell, for Captain Buchanan was part of this extensive development of housing associated with the large migration of public servants to Canberra.  Captain Buchanan was a naval captain who moved from Melbourne to Canberra when the Department of Defence relocated.

This house is one of only a few reflecting a shift at the time from mainly government designed and built housing to private development where the individual owner commissioned an architect. As such the building reflects not only the style of the architectural firm, but the result of the interaction between the owner and architect: the conscious choice by the owner of Roy Simpson because of his style and the finished design demonstrating choices and wishes of the owner.

The house at 16 Ryrie Street, Campbell, exhibits elements of Yuncken Freeman Brothers, Griffiths and Simpson's work that combine rational and economic planning with elegant well-proportioned spaces.  Their domestic work in Melbourne, as early as the 1930s, exhibits studied proportions and the treatment of elevations tending towards Georgian Revival.  These features were demonstrated in the Smith House, 1934 (demolished) and the house at Boxhall Street Middle Brighton, 1938.6

John Yuncken, the son of one of the founding partners Rob Yuncken and a director himself from 1960-1993, recalled at the time of Simpson being awarded the RAIA Gold Medal that “In 1958, Roy Simpson earned his firm the first commission given out by the newly formed National Capital Development Commission-to design 18 houses for defence chiefs-and a Canberra office was opened”.7  16 Ryrie Street Campbell was one of the 18 houses.  As mentioned earlier, the others would appear to be in the more conservative Post-War American Colonial Style (1940-1960) (3) including the house at 33 Stonehaven Crescent, Deakin; and though not confirmed the house at 57 National Circuit, Forrest, would appear to be another similar example.

Yuncken Freeman  Brothers, Griffiths and Simpson Architects & Roy Simpson AO LFRAIA.

The architecture firm of Yuncken Freeman was established in 1933.  Roy Simpson joined the firm in 1938.  The firm is considered a key practitioner of both the Late Twentieth-Century International style and the Late Twentieth-Century Stripped Classical style.  The firm changed its name from Yuncken Freeman Brothers Griffiths and Simpson to Yuncken Freeman Architects Pty in 1962; however Roy Simpson remained as one of the principal designers in the practice.  In 1980 Roy Simpson and two other partners retired.  The firm continued to practise specialising in Hospital design until it closed in 1993.8  

Roy Simpson won the Haddon Travelling Scholarship in 1940.9  He was awarded the RAIA Gold Medal in 1997 “for his work, as a director of architects Yuncken Freeman, in designing ‘kitset’ government housing, notable public buildings in Canberra and the master plan of La Trobe University”.10

During the WWII he worked for the US Army in Victoria.  The design and organisational experience gained from this by Simpson led to the firm being awarded the contract to design kitset homes for migrants employed by the Victorian Railway.  The project was known as “Operation Snail” and the prefabricated parts were manufactured in Britain.  Initially up to 2,000 houses were envisaged, this increased to over 5,500 kits, including homes sold to NSW and New Zealand.11

Based in Melbourne, Yuncken Freeman Brothers, Griffiths and Simpson Architects were one of Australia’s largest architectural firms.  Their most significant buildings include: the Norwich Union Insurance building, 1957; the Sidney Myer Music Bowl, 1959; the Royal Insurance Group Building, 1962-65; the Victorian State Offices, 1962-70, and the BHP Building, 1972.  In 1964, Roy Simpson was appointed the master planner for the new La Trobe University.12

As the design partner in charge of the work in Canberra, Simpson designed many significant buildings in Canberra in the 1960s and 1970s including the Civic Square and Civic Offices (North and South Buildings), 1961; the Law Courts of the ACT, 1963; the Canberra Theatre Centre, 1965; the Canberra Grammar School Science and Administration Wing, 1962; the Canberra Grammar School Chapel, 1965; Canberra Grammar Northside Infants School, 1967; University Union Plaza, ANU, 1975; Cotter River Reserve; aspects of the Prime Minister’s precinct and the Governor General’s house, and Melba Flats, Melba, 1976, (demolished).13

Of the notable public buildings in Canberra referred to above, it was written “In many significant architectural and planning projects for the National Capital Development Commission, Roy Simpson manipulated inadequate budgets to create simple, pleasant and attractive public buildings and plazas”.14

Simpson believed that in designing buildings, the total scene was more important than the individual project.  He believed that:
“The quality of the outcome bears no direct relationship to the grandeur of spaces or richness of materials…the really important qualities should be intrinsic, not optional extras, in the right solution.  It costs no more to shape and place a building happily in relationship to its site and its setting than to do it clumsily.  It costs less to mould its structure to fit the space requirements than to coax them into a preconceived envelope.  And it usually costs more to venture into experimental constructional fantasies than to build within the scope of skills and materials that are readily available.”15

The following comment by John Yuncken on Simpson’s work can be applied to the design of the house at 16 Ryrie Street.

“Roy’s buildings reflect his own character.  Quiet, gentle, courteous and immensely sensitive, they tend to be understated and self-effacing…his use of space was masterly: as you walk through his buildings, there are big spaces and small ones, low ones and tall ones; each beautifully detailed...Even the landscape is exactly right: Roy designed paving and planting with the same skill and mood that generated the rooms which look onto them…He was particularly expert in small buildings, where his expertise in detailing and his fine judgement of space and total environment show up most clearly…Roy’s buildings are deceptively simple, looking as if they were just sketched quickly on an envelope instead of the long, hard grind which simplicity requires.”(2)

Captain Alfred Edward Buchanan

Alfred Edward Buchanan was born in 1903 and entered the Royal Australian Naval College in 1917.  At the end of 1939 he was promoted to Commander and his first ship was HMAS Sydney, he then commanded HMAS Brisbane.  At the outbreak of war he was serving in HMAS Canberra as Staff Officer (O) to the Rear Admiral Commanding the Australian Squadron. 

At the end of 1941 he was transferred to Britain and was in command of HMS Tormentor from April to July 1942.  In August 1943 he returned to Australia and took command of HMAS Arunta, and on 25th October 1944 he participated in the Surigao Strait night action at Leyte Gulf, Philippines, for which he was awarded the Distinguished Service Order and later the US Bronze Star Medal.  This naval battle is considered the most decisive surface engagement of WWII.

In January 1945 he was present at the action off Luzon and was awarded a Mentioned In Dispatches.  By the end of WWII he was engaged in special duty as naval member of the Australian Mission to South-East Asia Command with the rank of acting Captain.

On leaving the Permanent Naval Forces he reverted to his substantive rank as a Commander on the Emergency Reserve.

Around the time that he moved to Canberra he was appointed as Commonwealth Director of Civil Defence.16  Today’s equivalent would be the Head of Natural Disasters.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PLACE

The four bedroom house designed in 1958, with Roy Simpson as the design architect, and completed in 1960, is an example of a combination of two styles: the Post-War International Style (1940-1960) with its cubiform overall shape, large sheets of glass, and the Late Twentieth-Century Stripped Classical Style (1960-) with its symmetrical façade and regular bays with height exceeding width.17

The 'L' shaped split-level house with a central entrance is set centrally on the block that slopes across the site and to the south west corner.  The plan is a compartmentalised arrangement of rooms rather than the open plan generally associated with the Post-War International style.  The entry path is on the central axis set between the front of the house to the west and the carport to the east which is located in the void of the 'L' plan.  These two forms align with each other and address the street providing a play of volumes; 'solid' house against 'open' double carport.  The matching black painted fascia across the carport and the house combine with the pergola over the path to connect the carport to the house and create one uniform structure.

The living room courtyard brick wall directs the visitor to the entry door while the axis of the path loosely divides the upper living areas from the lower bedroom and service areas.

The house is constructed of cavity brickwork with a galvanised steel ‘flat’ roof.

The fascia, entry doors and laundry external door are painted black while the house is white painted bagged brickwork.  The inside is painted a light cream colour.

The solid timber double entry doors open into a lobby with the living room to the left, the den directly ahead and the dining room and passage to the bedrooms down three steps to the right.  When the full height sliding timber doors to the den are opened the entry axis flows through the den out into the garden through full height glazed external doors.  The carefully considered proportions of the upper level, the ceiling height of three metres and the full height glazing 'bays', combine to give these formal spaces a sense of restrained stripped classical elegance.  The importance of these formal rooms is emphasised externally in the greater height and expressive massing of the cubiform shape that extends further to the rear than the lower understated informal level of the residence.  The main features of the living room are the elegant proportions, the flow of space out to the north and south through full height glazing and the recessed painted brick fire place with shelving either side in the south wall.

Access to the rest of the house is alongside the dining room down three steps.  The dining room also opens out to the rear garden through full height glazed doors.

The kitchen is located next to the dining room with a view to the south rear garden.  It has been renovated with new cupboards; however the renovation does not appear to have greatly altered the layout of the original kitchen.  

The separation of the informal spaces from the formal spaces is achieved by locating the laundry and bathroom along the west of the lower wing with one bedroom at the northern end and the other three bedrooms to the east, adjacent to the entry path.

The ceiling height to the lower level is 2.6 metres.  The central hall is lit by borrowed light from the west service rooms through highlights over the doors.  The windows to the bedrooms are tall, extending from 750mm high sills to the ceiling.  The windows to the west are evenly spaced vertical punctuations in the wall.

The rear garden has two circular terraces that were designed by the architect to be integral to and contrast with the cubiform internal formal spaces.  The larger stone paved eight metre diameter terrace leads off the lounge room and the smaller six and a half metre diameter grassed lower terrace leads off the dining room.  The latter has a central tree and both are retained by stonewalls.  The interior spaces flow out through the large glazed doors to the terraces.

Condition

The house has been well maintained and is unaltered except for the refurbishment of the kitchen and the addition of an external demountable sunshade to the living room north glazing.

Design Comments

The original scale, overall cubiform shape and fabric of the house, carport and two curvilinear terraces are important features of architectural value to the property.  Additional and significant architectural elements of the Post-War International style exemplified by the building include:
-	texture provided by regular bays of glazing against smooth wall surfaces,
-	original detailing and finishes,
-	living room fire place
-	axial entry aligned with the den.

Other architectural elements of the Late Twentieth-Century Stripped Classical style exemplified by the building that relate to the external forms are:
	- horizontal skyline,
	- broad horizontal member echoing classical entablature (black painted fascia),
	- central entrance.18

There are elements described above which at first glance are not readily perceived, however, a studied review of the building reveals these:

The large sheets of glass to the main rooms are divided into regularly sized vertical panels comparable to the Post-War Melbourne Regional Style (1940-1960), however none of the other style indicators of this period are applicable to this building.

The symmetrical façade and regular bays with height exceeding width, elements of the Late Twentieth-Century Stripped Classical Style are present not in a simple cubic building form but in the overall planning and treatment of the elevations.  The front elevation is divided equally between the entry axis by the void of the carport and the solid form of the house, the latter having symmetrical windows.  The rear elevation displays symmetry and regular bays with height exceeding width; in the two central, equal width openings to the den and dining room, the equal location of the openings from the ends of walls and the symmetrical location of the chimney about the den and living room glazing.  The west elevation has regular, symmetrically located openings.

The broad horizontal member echoing classical entablature is perceived to be the black painted metal fascia to the full perimeter of the roofline.

The setting of the property enhances the scale and form of the property, including the front courtyard wall and open form of the entry path, carport and general view of the house from the street.

The more restrained and classical style of 16 Ryrie Street can be compared with the significant Post-War International style (1940-60) houses at 11 Northcote Street, Deakin, 1951-52, by H Seidler and Associates and 10 Gawler Crescent, Deakin, 1956, by Alex Jelinek.  These two houses have large areas of glass, with the former being cubiform and the latter having a contrasting non-rectangular shape, and both are more dynamic and employ contrast in their building elements as opposed to repetitive rhythm.19

The house can also be contrasted with the Post-War American Colonial style (1940-60) house at 33 Stonehaven Crescent, also designed by Roy Simpson of Yuncken Freeman Brothers, Griffiths and Simpson as one of the 18 defence houses.  The Stonehaven Crescent house has the simple rectangular overall shape, symmetrical façade and small-paned windows approximating Georgian proportions of that revival style.20  Many of Simpson’s houses in Canberra designed for Defence personnel would appear to be similar in style to the house at 33 Stonehaven Crescent.  The house at 16 Ryrie Street is a much less conservative design adding to its significance.

STATEMENT ABOUT THE HERITAGE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PLACE

The house at 16 Ryrie Street, Campbell, is significant as a relatively rare and well-preserved example of a late 1950s house, illustrative of the modern architectural styles being introduced to Canberra at the time by the National Capital Development Commission.
 
The house is important for its association with the provision of housing for public servants moving in large numbers from Melbourne as government departments, especially the Department of Defence, were relocated to Canberra in the late 1950s.

The house is significant as a good example of the work of Roy Simpson, as identified by the RAIA.  Simpson was a leading architect who played a significant role in Canberra’s cultural and architectural history, being recognised by the RAIA Gold Medal and as a Life Fellow, as well as being awarded Officer of the Order of Australia.

ASSESSMENT AGAINST THE HERITAGE SIGNIFICANCE CRITERIA

Pursuant to s.10 of the Heritage Act 2004, a place or object has heritage significance if it satisfies one or more of the following criteria.  Significance has been determined by research as accessed in the references below.  Future research may alter the findings of this assessment.

(a)	it demonstrates a high degree of technical or creative achievement (or both), by showing qualities of innovation, discovery, invention or an exceptionally fine level of application of existing techniques or approaches;

This place does not meet this criterion.

(b)	it exhibits outstanding design or aesthetic qualities valued by the community or a cultural group;

The house at 16 Ryrie Street Campbell, 1960, by Yuncken Freeman Brothers, Griffiths and Simpson Architects, with Roy Simpson as the design architect, is a very good example of the combination of the Post-War International Style (1940-1960) and the Late Twentieth-Century Stripped Classical style (1960).  It includes the two main characteristics of the Late Twentieth-Century Stripped Classical style including symmetrical facade and regular bays with height exceeding width and some of the main characteristics of the Post-War International style (1940-1960) with its cubiform overall shape, large sheets of glass.  It is notable for displaying the high design skill of the architect Roy Simpson.  

The following design features are of additional significance; the plain smooth wall surfaces, broad horizontal black fascia, the central entrance, the two circular rear garden terraces, the front courtyard wall, the flat roof, the internal proportions of the living room and den, the living room fireplace, the original detailing and finishes.

The division of formal and casual areas has been achieved in a classical composition with symmetrical massing relying not on the use of classical motifs and details, but on the repetitive rhythm and carefully considered proportions.  

The house is a very good example of the architecture of Roy Simpson, a leading Australian architect who played a significant role in Canberra’s cultural history, and recognised for this by the RAIA ACT Chapter in the Register of Significant Twentieth Century Architecture.  

The design of the residence with characteristics of the Late Twentieth-Century Stripped Classical style, in particular the carefully considered proportions, the façade divided into bays and the broad horizontal roof edge, represents a continuation of the interpretation of the classical styles in domestic architecture throughout Australia's European history.

(c)	it is important as evidence of a distinctive way of life, taste, tradition, religion, land use, custom, process, design or function that is no longer practised, is in danger of being lost or is of exceptional interest;

This place does not meet this criterion.

(d)	it is highly valued by the community or a cultural group for reasons of strong or special religious, spiritual, cultural, educational or social associations;

This place does not meet this criterion.

(e)	it is significant to the ACT because of its importance as part of local Aboriginal tradition

This criterion is not applicable.

(f)	it is a rare or unique example of its kind, or is rare or unique in its comparative intactness

This place does not meet this criterion.

(g)	it is a notable example of a kind of place or object and demonstrates the main characteristics of that kind

This place does not meet this criterion.

(h)	it has strong or special associations with a person, group, event, development or cultural phase in local or national history

The house is important for its association with the provision of housing for public servants coming in large numbers from other states as government departments were re-located to Canberra during the late 1950s.  In contrast with much of the housing that was provided in blocks of apartments, this is a detached house on its own block seen at the time to be suitable to the high public service role of the owner Captain Buchanan, Commonwealth Director of Civil Defence.

16 Ryrie Street was one of 18 houses designed for the newly formed National Capital Development Commission to house high-ranking defence personal.  John Yuncken believes the design of the houses was the first commission given out by the NCDC.  Roy Simpson of Yuncken Freeman Brothers, Griffiths and Simpson Architects designed the 18 houses; the RAIA believes 16 Ryrie Street is the most important architecturally.

Roy Simpson played a significant role in Canberra’s cultural history.  Following this first commission with the NCDC the firm of Yuncken Freeman Brothers, Griffiths and Simpson Architects undertook important work for the NCDC in Canberra in the 1960s and 1970s with Roy Simpson the design partner.  The major projects undertaken including: the Civic Square and Civic Offices, 1961; the Law Courts of the ACT, 1963; the Canberra Theatre Centre, 1965, and the University Union Plaza, ANU, 1975.   

Roy Simpson, was awarded the RAIA Gold Medal in 1997 for his work, as a director of architects Yuncken Freeman, in designing ‘kitset’ government housing, notable public buildings in Canberra and the master plan of La Trobe University.  He was an Officer of the Order of Australia and was awarded a Life Fellow of the RAIA.

(i)	it is significant for understanding the evolution of natural landscapes, including significant geological features, landforms, biota or natural processes

This criterion is not applicable.

(j)	it has provided, or is likely to provide, information that will contribute significantly to a wider understanding of the natural or cultural history of the ACT because of its use or potential use as a research site or object, teaching site or object, type locality or benchmark site

The architecture of this residence has the potential to contribute to the education of students of architecture and may contribute to understanding late twentieth-century architectural styles.  Experiencing heritage buildings enables the visitor to locate the building in its historical and environmental contexts.  These experiences readily enable the establishment, understanding and interpretation of the building’s heritage value and significance.  This house is a very good example of mid-twentieth-century modern architecture, in this case an example of the combination of the Post-War International style with the Late Twentieth-Century Stripped Classical style, based on simple forms and considered proportions.  Its innovative planning contributes to its significance and educational heritage.

(k)	for a place—it exhibits unusual richness, diversity or significant transitions of flora, fauna or natural landscapes and their elements

This criterion is not applicable.

(l)	for a place—it is a significant ecological community, habitat or locality for any of the following: 
(i)	the life cycle of native species;
(ii)	rare, threatened or uncommon species;
(iii)	species at the limits of their natural range;
(iv)	distinct occurrences of species.
	
This criterion is not applicable.

FEATURES INTRINSIC TO THE HERITAGE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PLACE

The physical features of the 16 Ryrie Street, Campbell, that particularly reflect its heritage significance are:

•	The original scale, form and fabric of the house, carport and two curved rear landscape terraces.  Specifically the cubiform overall shape and carefully considered proportions with the regular bays of glazing combined with the plain smooth wall surfaces and horizontal skyline provided by the flat roof; the broad horizontal black painted fascia; central entrance; the original detailing and finishes.
•	The living room fireplace and axial entry aligned with the den.
•	The setting of the place that enables its scale and form to be appreciated including the front courtyard wall and open form of the entry path, carport and general view of the house from the street.

“Original scale, form and fabric” shall mean that which was designed and built and is shown on the working drawing titled “House in Ryrie Street Canberra for Captain Buchanan” dated March 1958; approval date stamped 7.5.59; by Yuncken, Freeman Brothers, Griffith & Simpson Architects;  Planning Authority of the time “Plan No. 114.”

REASON FOR PROVISIONAL REGISTRATION

16 Ryrie Street, Campbell, has been assessed against the heritage significance criteria and been found to have heritage significance against 3 criteria under the ACT Heritage Act.

APPLICABLE HERITAGE GUIDELINES

The Heritage Guidelines adopted under s27 of the Heritage Act 2004 are applicable to the conservation of 16 Ryrie Street, Campbell.

The guiding conservation objective is that 16 Ryrie Street, Campbell, shall be conserved and appropriated managed in a manner respecting its heritage significance and the features intrinsic to that heritage significance, and consistent with a sympathetic and viable use or uses.  Any works that have a potential impact on significant fabric (and / or other heritage values) shall be guided by a professionally documented assessment and conservation policy relevant to that area or component (i.e. a Statement of Heritage Effects – SHE).

BACKGROUND INFORMATION

1. CONSULTATION WITH STAKEHOLDERS

Draft provisional registration entry was released for public comment on 22 April 2008 and period for public comment closes on 22 May 2008.

2. REFERENCES

1.	Eldridge's 1949 A History of the Australian Naval College:  There is further information on his record in the National Archives (Series A1209/111 1962/412, Barcode 3044917). His service record is also held by the National Archives.
2.	Reid, Paul 2002 Canberra following Griffin  A Design History of Australia’s National Capital National Archives of Australia.
3.	Canberra Times 7 April 2005.
4.	Apperly, Richard, Robert Irving and Peter Reynolds 1989 Identifying Australian Architecture Styles and Terms from 1788 to the Present.  Angus and Robertson. 
5.	NCDC 1059 “Government Housing”, First Annual Report.
6.	Apperly et al, op cit. and Donald Leslie Johnson, Australian Architecture 1901-51 Sources of Modernism.  Sydney University Press 1980.
7.	Architecture Australia Jan/Feb 1997. Architecture Media Australia Pty Ltd.
8.	Apperly et al, op cit, and ibid.
9.	A S Hooker Address Roy Simpson 1997 RAIA Gold Medallist.
10.	Architecture Australia Jan/Feb 1997.
11.	ibid, and A S Hooker Address, op cit.
12.	Apperly et al, op cit, Architecture Australia op cit.
13.	Architecture Australia, op cit. and RAIA, op cit. 
14.	Architecture Australia, op cit.
15.	ibid, and A S Hooker Address, op cit.
16.	Department of the Environment, Land and Planning (DELP).  Building File for Block 9 Section 10 Campbell.  That Simpson designed the house has been confirmed in a conversation with John Yuncken, the contract administrating architect for the house.
17.	Apperly et al, op cit.
18.	ibid.
19.	RAIA ACT Chapter RSTCA.
20.	Apperly et al, op cit.

3. PHOTOGRAPHS AND PLANS

Figure 1. Location of 16 Ryrie St, Campbell.