Australian Capital Territory
Climate Change and Greenhouse Gas Reduction (Greenhouse Gas Emissions Measurement Method) Determination 2015
Disallowable instrument DI2015–264
made under the  
Climate Change and Greenhouse Gas Reduction Act 2010 (the Act), s 11 (Measuring greenhouse gas emissions – determinations)

1	Name of instrument
This instrument is the Climate Change and Greenhouse Gas Reduction (Greenhouse Gas Emissions Measurement Method) Determination 2015.
2	Commencement 
This instrument commences on the day after it is notified. 
3	Determination of method for measuring greenhouse gas emissions
I determine the method for measuring the amount of greenhouse gas emissions in the ACT as set out in the schedule.
Note The Greenhouse Gas Emissions Measurement Method is used, under s12 of the Climate Change and Greenhouse Gas Reduction Act 2010, by an independent entity to prepare a report for the Minister about greenhouse gas emissions in the ACT for the year.
4	Revocation
I revoke the Climate Change and Greenhouse Gas Reduction (Greenhouse Gas Emissions Measurement Method) Determination 2013 (DI2013-76).

Simon Corbell MLA
Minister for the Environment
 10 September 2015

Schedule to the Climate Change and Greenhouse Gas Reduction (Greenhouse Gas Emissions Measurement Method) 
Determination 2015

1.	Objects of the determination
This determination sets out the method for the measurement of greenhouse gas emissions arising from sources, or attributable to activities, located within the geographic boundary of the Australian Capital Territory (ACT).

2.	Application of the determination
The method determined in this instrument must be used to measure the amount of greenhouse gas emissions in the ACT for the year (the annual emissions amount) in the annual report prepared by an independent entity as required under section 12 of the Act.

3.	Greenhouse gas emissions covered
The emissions covered by this determination are:
•	Scope 1 emissions from:
•	fuel combustion
•	fugitive emissions from fuels
•	industrial processes
•	agriculture
•	land use, land use change and forestry
•	waste.
•	Scope 2 emissions from electricity consumption in the ACT, adjusted for scope 3 electricity transmission and distribution losses.

4.	Definitions
In this Determination:

Action Plan 2 means AP2 – A new climate change strategy and action plan for the Australian Capital Territory

carbon dioxide equivalence or CO2-e, means the amount of greenhouse gas multiplied by its specific global warming potential.

dry wood means wood that:
a)	has a moisture content of 20% or less if the moisture content is calculated on a wet basis; and
b)	is combusted to produce heat.

emission factors refer to the kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent emitted per unit of activity.

energy content factor, for a fuel, means gigajoules of energy per unit of the fuel measured as a gross calorific value.

fugitive emissions means the release of emissions that occur during the extraction, processing and delivery of fossil fuels.

global warming potential refers to an index (on a 100 year time horizon) representing the combined effect of the differing times greenhouse gases remain in the atmosphere and their relative effectiveness in absorbing outgoing infrared radiation.

greenhouse gas emissions has the meaning given by the Climate Change and Greenhouse Gas Reduction Act 2010.

GreenPower means renewable energy purchased in accordance with the Australian Government’s GreenPower program.

scope 1 emissions refer to the emission of greenhouse gases directly resulting from an activity, or series of activities (including ancillary activities).

scope 2 emissions refer to the emission of greenhouse gases that occurs outside the ACT as a consequence of using grid-supplied electricity, heating and/or cooling within the ACT.

scope 3 emissions refer to the emission of greenhouse gases not included as a scope 1 or scope 2 emission that occur outside the ACT as a result of activities within the jurisdiction due to use of goods and services. Scope 3 emissions include electricity transmission and distribution losses.

5.	Method for calculating emissions from stationary energy
The method for calculating the emissions from stationary energy will be made using the equations presented below:

5.1	Electricity
The calculation of Scope 2 emissions attributable to consumption of electricity by ACT consumers using the market based method is particularly complex because of the many different sources of zero emission electricity for which ACT consumers are paying and because of the interaction between the physical and the financial transactions in the National Electricity Market (NEM). Relating to this latter point, the calculation relies on the propositions that the ACT is part of the NSW region of the NEM, that the NSW region exchanges electrical energy with Victoria and Queensland through the relevant interconnectors, that interconnector flows are sourced from the marginal source of generation in each region, and that the marginal source in all three regions is coal fired generation. 

In order to make the steps in the calculation somewhat easier to follow, the methodology is structured in three parts.  The first part calculates the total quantity of zero emission electricity (electricity supplied by renewable generators) is being paid for by ACT electricity consumers.  This includes renewable generation forming a component of day to day generation supplying the NEM in NSW, including long established hydro generators (mainly the Snowy Hydro power stations) and wind generators constructed under the Large Renewable Energy Target (LRET) scheme. The second part calculates the average emissions intensity of non-renewable electricity being supplied through the NEM in the NSW region.  The third part calculates how much of this electricity is required to meet the total demand for electricity by ACT consumers (including electricity lost in the ActewAGL distribution network) and the total quantity of emissions associated with that quantity of electricity, based on the average emissions intensity of NSW region non-renewable electricity, as calculated in the preceding part of the overall calculation.

5.1.1	Calculate total renewable electrical energy being paid for by ACT electricity consumers

5.1.1.1	LRET purchases

Where, 

1 = Total LRET purchases;
i = Renewable power percentage;
i = Total electricity supplied to residential customers;
 = Total electricity supplied to non-residential and other customers.

Data sources:

i - Clean Energy Regulator  http://www.cleanenergyregulator.gov.au/RET/About-the-Renewable-Energy-Target/The-certificate-market/The-renewable-power-percentage.
i  -   ActewAGL Distribution (a component of the annual Regulatory Information Notices (RIN) submission to the Australian Energy Regulator (AER)).

5.1.1.2	GreenPower

Where,

  = Total GreenPower sales in the ACT;
 = Sum of Quarterly GreenPower Sales in the ACT

Data sources:

 - National GreenPowerTM Accreditation Program.  Annual Compliance Audit for 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2013  http://www.greenpower.gov.au/Business-Centre/Annual-Audit/~/media/7E75EC20541B4CA39E97DE708D1816B6.pdf (see Table 8: Summary of GreenPower Sales 2013 (MWh)).  
Also National GreenPower Accreditation Program Status Report.  Executive Summary.  Quarterly status of National GreenPower Accreditation Program
http://www.greenpower.gov.au/~/media/Business%20Centre/Quarterly%20Reports/2014_Q4_Report.pdf 

5.1.1.3	Rooftop photovoltaics (PV)

Where,
= Total Rooftop PV output;
  = Sum of metered output in the year of all PV installations with capacity less than 200 kW in the following categories: 
-	supplied with ACT feed in tariff (f.i.t.)
-	supplied under gross metering but without f.i.t.
-	supplied under net metering.

Data sources:

 - As advised by ActewAGL Distribution in regular reports to the ACT Environment and Planning Directorate

5.1.1.4	Below Baseline NSW region NEM renewable generation

For each of the following Stations:  Hume, Blowering, Guthega, Tumut 1, Tumut 2, Tumut 3 (net of pump energy input):

Where,

For each of the following Stations:
1 = Hume;
2 = Blowering;
3 = Guthega;
4 = Tumut 1;
5 = Tumut 2;
6 = Tumut 3 (net of pump energy input);
 = the lesser of:
-	electrical energy sent out in the inventory year, and
-	the simple average of the Renewable Energy Target (RET) Baseline in the calendar year covering the first half of the reporting year and the calendar year covering the second half of the reporting year.
 = Electrical energy supplied by TransGrid to ActewAGL Distribution;
 = Total NSW region Native demand;
= NSW region Small Non-scheduled Generation;
 = NSW region transmission losses.

Data sources:

Info for each station - Clean Energy Regulator https://www.rec-registry.gov.au/rec-registry/app/public/power-station-register
  -  Australian Energy Regulator  http://www.aer.gov.au/node/24311 
- Australian Energy Market Operator  http://forecasting.aemo.com.au/AnnualConsumption
 - Australian Energy Market Operator  http://forecasting.aemo.com.au/AnnualConsumption
 -  Australian Energy Market Operator  http://forecasting.aemo.com.au/AnnualConsumption

5.1.1.5	Total metered electrical energy sent out from all renewable generators contracted by the ACT Government under Action Plan 2.

Where,

= Sum of metered electrical energy sent out by all renewable generators contracted by the ACT Government under Action Plan 2.

5.1.1.6	Total renewable electrical energy being paid for by ACT electricity consumers

Where,

S1 = Total LRET purchases;
S2 = Total GreenPower sales in the ACT;
S3 = Total Rooftop PV output;
S4 = Below Baseline NSW region NEM renewable generation;
S5 = Total metered electrical energy sent out from all renewable generators contracted by the ACT Government under Action Plan 2.

5.1.2	Calculate the emissions intensity of other electricity supplied through the NEM
5.1.2.1	Calculate the average sent out emissions intensity of NSW coal fired generation

Where 	

 = The  average sent out emissions intensity of NSW coal fired generation
 =  Electricity generated at coal fired generator  in the inventory year
=  As generated emissions intensity of coal fired generator  in the inventory year  
  =  Auxiliary factor for generator 

Data sources: 

 - Data on S, Exp and Imp from Australian Energy Market Operator:  http://www.aemo.com.au/Electricity/Data/Market-Management-System-MMS/Generation-and-Load and  http://www.aemo.com.au/Electricity/Data/Market-Management-System-MMS/Dispatch
  - Data on e and aux from Australian Energy Market Operator  : http://www.aemo.com.au/Electricity/Planning/Related-Information/Planning-Assumptions

5.1.2.2	Calculate the average sent out emissions intensity of Queensland coal fired generation

Where 	

 = Average sent out emissions intensity of Queensland coal fired generation
=  Electricity generated at coal fired generator  in the inventory year
=  As generated emissions intensity of coal fired generator  in the inventory year  
 =  Auxiliary factor for generator 

5.1.2.3	Calculate the average sent out emissions intensity of Victorian coal fired generation

Where,

=  Electricity generated at coal fired generator  in the inventory year
 =  As generated emissions intensity of coal fired generator  in the inventory year  
  =  Auxiliary factor for generator 

5.1.2.4	Calculate the total emissions from coal fired generation consumed in NSW

Where,

=  Total emissions from coal fired generation consumed in NSW       
   =  Exports of electricity from NSW to Victoria   
  =  Exports of electricity from NSW to Queensland
   =  Imports of electricity to NSW from Victoria     
  =  Imports of electricity to NSW from Queensland     

5.1.2.5	Calculate the average sent out emissions intensity of fossil fuel electricity consumed in NSW

Where,

=  Sent out emissions intensity of NSW fossil fuel generation
  =  Electricity generated at NSW gas and petroleum fired generator  in the inventory year  
 =  As generated emissions intensity of gas and petroleum fired generator  in the inventory year  
  =  Auxiliary factor for generator 

5.1.3	Calculate total Scope 2 emissions attributable to electricity consumed in the ACT 

Where,	

  =  Scope 2 emissions of electricity consumed in the ACT
  =  Total consumption of electricity, including distribution losses, in the ACT in the inventory year

Data sources:

 -  ActewAGL Distribution (a component of the annual RIN submission to the AER)

5.2	Natural gas

Annual emissions are calculated using the following equation: 

𝐸𝑁G  =  (𝑄𝑁𝐺  -  QAction x  ECNG )  x  𝐸𝐹𝑁𝐺 / 106      (2)

Where: 

𝐸𝑁𝐺 is emissions from natural gas consumption in kilotonnes of CO2-e 
𝑄𝑁𝐺 is the consumption of purchased natural gas in the ACT, in gigajoules
QAction is natural gas used by the ACTION bus fleet, in cubic metres
ECNG is the energy content of natural gas, in gigajoules per cubic metre
EFNG is the Scope 1 emission factor for natural gas combustion in kilograms of CO2-e per gigajoule. 

Data sources:

	𝑄𝑁𝐺  		ActewAGL Distribution  
	QAction  		ACTION 
ECNG, EFNG 	The most recent published edition of Department of the Environment, National Greenhouse Accounts Factors http://www.environment.gov.au/climate-change/greenhouse-gas-measurement/publications/national-greenhouse-accounts-factors-dec-2014  

5.3	Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) stationary combustion

Annual emissions are calculated using the following equation: 

𝐸LPG= 𝑄LPG  x  𝐸𝐶LPG  x  EFLPG / 106   (3)

Where: 

ELPG is emissions from LPG stationary combustion expressed in kilotonnes of CO2-e 
QLPG is the consumption of LPG for stationary combustion expressed in tonnes 
ECLPG is the energy content factor for LPG expressed in gigajoules per tonne 
EFLPG is the Scope 1 emissions factor for LPG in kilograms of CO2-e per gigajoule. 

Data sources:

QLPG 		Total bulk and bottled sales of LPG to ACT consumers; data to be collected from Elgas, Boral and Supagas
ECLPG and EFLPG 	The most recent published edition of Department of the Environment, National Greenhouse Accounts Factors http://www.environment.gov.au/climate-change/greenhouse-gas-measurement/publications/national-greenhouse-accounts-factors-dec-2014  

5.4	Fuel oil

Annual emissions are calculated using the following equation: 

Where: 

EFO is emissions from fuel oil consumption expressed in kilotonnes of CO2-e. 
EIW is annual Scope 1 emissions from combustion of fuel oil by Icon Water, as included in the annual report by the business under the National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Scheme (NGERS).
QFO is the consumption of fuel oil in the ACT by users other than Icon Water (if any   
ECWF is the energy content factor for fuel oil expressed in gigajoules per tonne 
EFWF is the Scope 1 emissions factor for fuel oil in kilograms of CO2-e per gigajoule. 

Data sources:

	EIW 		Icon Water
QFO		Total sales of fuel oil to ACT consumers); data to be collected by a survey of users/and/or suppliers.  
ECFO and EFFO 	The most recent published edition of Department of the Environment, National Greenhouse Accounts Factors http://www.environment.gov.au/climate-change/greenhouse-gas-measurement/publications/national-greenhouse-accounts-factors-dec-2014  

5.5	Wood fuel 

Annual emissions are calculated using the following equation: 

EWF  =  Q𝑊𝐹   x  𝐸𝐶𝑊𝐹  x  EFWF / 106  

Where: 

EWF is emissions from wood fuel consumption expressed in kilotonnes of CO2-e 
QWF is the consumption of dry wood expressed in tonnes 
ECWF is the energy content factor for dry wood expressed in gigajoules per tonne 
EFWF is the Scope 1 emissions factor for dry wood in kilograms of CO2-e per gigajoule. 

Data sources:

QWF 		The most recent available ACT Government Firewood Sales report
ECWF and EFWF 	The most recent published edition of Department of the Environment, National Greenhouse Accounts Factors http://www.environment.gov.au/climate-change/greenhouse-gas-measurement/publications/national-greenhouse-accounts-factors-dec-2014  

5.6	Fugitive energy emissions:  Natural gas distribution

Annual emissions are calculated using the following equation: 

Efug  =  𝑄𝑁𝐺  x  UAG/(1  -  UAG)  x  0.55  x  (CCO2   +  CCH4) / 103

Where: 
Efug is the fugitive emissions from the ACT gas distribution network in tonnes CO2‑e.
𝑄𝑁𝐺 is the consumption of purchased natural gas in the ACT, in gigajoules
UAG is Unaccounted for gas in the ACT gas distribution network in the inventory year, in percent; it has the value 1.7% for the period 2010 to 2015.   
CCO2 is the composition factor for CO2 in gas supplied to the ACT, in tonnes CO2‑e per terajoule, and is equal to 0.8 in the 2014-15 inventory year. 
CCH4 is the composition factor for methane in gas supplied to the ACT, in tonnes CO2‑e per terajoule, and is equal to 328 in the 2014-15 inventory year. 

Data sources:

𝑄𝑁𝐺  		ActewAGL Distribution  
UAG 	Australian Energy Regulator, 2010. Access arrangement for the ACT, Queanbeyan and Palerang gas distribution network, 1 July 2010 – 30 June 2015.  http://www.aer.gov.au/node/4785 
CCO2   +  CCH4 	Department of the Environment, 2014. Technical guidelines for the estimation of greenhouse gas emissions by facilities in Australia. http://www.environment.gov.au/climate-change/greenhouse-gas-measurement/publications/nger-technical-guidelines-2014    

6.	Method for calculating emissions from transport fuels
The method for calculating the emissions from transport fuels will be made using the equation presented below:

𝐸Trans  = ( Σ (𝑄Pi  x  𝐸CPi  x  EFPi )  +  QAction x  ECNG  x 𝐸𝐹𝑁𝐺 )   / 106

Where: 

𝐸Trans is emissions from consumption of road transport fuels in kilotonnes of CO2-e 
𝑄Pi is the consumption of road transport fuel type i, where i is LPG, petrol, diesel, in kilolitres 
ECPi is the energy content factor for road transport fuel type i, in gigajoules per kilolitre 
EFPi is the Scope 1 emissions factor for road transport fuel type i, in kilograms of CO2-e per gigajoule. 
QAction is natural gas used by the ACTION bus fleet, in cubic metres
ECNG is the energy content of natural gas, in gigajoules per cubic metre
EFNG is the Scope 1 emission factor for natural gas combustion in kilograms of CO2-e per gigajoule. 

Data sources:

𝑄Pi 		The Fuel Survey undertaken by the Environment and Planning Directorate   
ECPi , EFPi , ECNG , EFNG 	The most recent published edition of Department of the Environment, National Greenhouse Accounts Factors http://www.environment.gov.au/climate-change/greenhouse-gas-measurement/publications/national-greenhouse-accounts-factors-dec-2014  
QAction  		ACTION 

7.	Method for calculating emissions from waste
The method for calculating the emissions from waste will be made using the method presented below:

Annual emissions from nitrous oxide emissions arising from wastewater treatment by Icon Water, as included in the annual report by the business under the National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Scheme (NGERS).

Data source:	Icon Water

8.	Method for calculating emissions from other activities
ACT specific methodologies have yet to be developed for several other emission source categories.  As an interim measure, emissions will be reported as the relevant value for the ACT contained in the most recent national greenhouse accounts compiled by the Department of the Environment.   The source categories to be reported in this way are as follows:

Industrial processes and product use
	Emissions from fluorinated substitutes for ozone depleting substances

Waste
	Solid waste disposal

Agriculture, Forestry and other land use
	Several separate source categories to be assessed to determine materiality

Data source:	All data are found in the Australian Greenhouse Emissions Information System, http://www.environment.gov.au/climate-change/greenhouse-gas-measurement/ageis