Australian Capital Territory
Climate Change and Greenhouse Gas Reduction (Greenhouse Gas Emissions Measurement Method) Determination 2017
Disallowable instrument DI2017–250
made under the  
Climate Change and Greenhouse Gas Reduction Act 2010, s 11 (Measuring greenhouse gas emissions – determinations)

1	Name of instrument
This instrument is the Climate Change and Greenhouse Gas Reduction (Greenhouse Gas Emissions Measurement Method) Determination 2017.
2	Commencement 
This instrument commences on the day after its notification day. 
3	Determination of method for measuring greenhouse gas emissions
I determine the method for measuring the amount of greenhouse gas emissions in the ACT as set out in the schedule.
Note	The Greenhouse Gas Emissions Measurement Method is used, under s12 of the Climate Change and Greenhouse Gas Reduction Act 2010, by an independent entity to prepare a report for the Minister about greenhouse gas emissions in the ACT for the year.
4	Revocation
The Climate Change and Greenhouse Gas Reduction (Greenhouse Gas Emissions Measurement Method) Determination 2016 (DI2016-257) is revoked.

Shane Rattenbury MLA
Minister for Climate Change and Sustainability
25 September 2017

Schedule
(see section 3)

1.	Objects of the determination
This determination sets out the method for the measurement of greenhouse gas emissions arising from sources, or attributable to activities, located within the geographic boundary of the Australian Capital Territory (ACT).

2.	Application of the determination
The method determined in this instrument must be used to measure the amount of greenhouse gas emissions in the ACT for the year (the annual emissions amount) in the annual report prepared by an independent entity as required under section 12 of the Climate Change and Greenhouse Gas Reduction Act 2010 (the Act).

3.	Greenhouse gas emissions covered
The emissions covered by this determination are:
•	Scope 1 emissions from:
•	fuel combustion
•	fugitive emissions from fuels
•	industrial processes
•	agriculture
•	land use, land use change and forestry
•	waste.
•	Scope 2 emissions from electricity consumption in the ACT, adjusted for scope 3 electricity transmission and distribution losses.

4.	Definitions
In this Determination:

Action Plan 2 means AP2 – A new climate change strategy and action plan for the Australian Capital Territory

carbon dioxide equivalence or CO2-e, means the amount of greenhouse gas multiplied by its specific global warming potential.

dry wood means wood that:
a)	has a moisture content of 20% or less if the moisture content is calculated on a wet basis; and
b)	is combusted to produce heat.

emission factors refer to the kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent emitted per unit of activity.

energy content factor, for a fuel, means gigajoules of energy per unit of the fuel measured as a gross calorific value.

fugitive emissions means the release of emissions that occur during the extraction, processing and delivery of fossil fuels.

global warming potential refers to an index (on a 100 year time horizon) representing the combined effect of the differing times greenhouse gases remain in the atmosphere and their relative effectiveness in absorbing outgoing infrared radiation.

greenhouse gas emissions has the meaning given by the Climate Change and Greenhouse Gas Reduction Act 2010.

GreenPower means renewable energy purchased in accordance with the Australian Government’s GreenPower program.

scope 1 emissions refer to the emission of greenhouse gases directly resulting from an activity, or series of activities (including ancillary activities).

scope 2 emissions refer to the emission of greenhouse gases that occurs outside the ACT as a consequence of using grid-supplied electricity, heating and/or cooling within the ACT.

scope 3 emissions refer to the emission of greenhouse gases not included as a scope 1 or scope 2 emission that occur outside the ACT as a result of activities within the jurisdiction due to use of goods and services. Scope 3 emissions include electricity transmission and distribution losses.

5.	Method for calculating emissions from stationary energy
The method for calculating the emissions from stationary energy will be made using the equations presented below:

5.1	Electricity
The calculation of Scope 2 emissions attributable to consumption of electricity by ACT consumers using the market based method is particularly complex because of the many different sources of zero emission electricity for which ACT consumers are paying and because of the interaction between the physical and the financial transactions in the National Electricity Market.  Relating to this latter point, the calculation relies on the propositions that the ACT is part of the NSW region of the NEM, that the NSW region exchanges electrical energy with Victoria and Queensland through the relevant interconnectors, that interconnector flows are sourced from the marginal source of generation in each region, and that the marginal source in all three regions is coal fired generation. 

In order to make the steps in the calculation somewhat easier to follow, the methodology is structured in three parts.  

The first part calculates the total quantity of zero emission electricity (electricity supplied by renewable generators) being paid for by ACT electricity consumers.  This includes three components:
•	electricity being supplied to the National Electricity Market under contract with the ACT government,
•	the ACT share of national Large Renewable Energy Target scheme generation, and
•	the ACT share of “old” (pre-RET) hydro generation (mainly from the Snowy Hydro power stations) forming part of the generation supplying the NSW pool of the National Electricity Market. 
The second part calculates the average emissions intensity of non-renewable electricity being supplied through the National Electricity Market in the NSW region.  
The third part calculates how much of this electricity is required to meet the total demand for electricity by ACT consumers (including electricity lost in the ActewAGL distribution network) and the total quantity of emissions associated with that quantity of electricity, based on the average emissions intensity of NSW region non-renewable electricity, as calculated in the preceding part of the overall calculation.

5.1.1	Calculate total renewable electrical energy being paid for by ACT electricity consumers

5.1.1.1	LRET purchases

Where, 

1 = Total LRET purchases;
i = Renewable power percentage;
i = Total electricity supplied to residential customers;
 = Total electricity supplied to non-residential and other customers.

Data sources:
i - Clean Energy Regulator  http://www.cleanenergyregulator.gov.au/RET/About-the-Renewable-Energy-Target/The-certificate-market/The-renewable-power-percentage.
i  -   ActewAGL Distribution (a component of the annual RIN submission to the AER).

5.1.1.2	GreenPower

Where,
  = Total GreenPower sales in the ACT;
 = Sum of Quarterly GreenPower Sales in the ACT

Data sources:
 = National GreenPowerTM Accreditation Program.  Annual Compliance Audit for 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2013  http://www.greenpower.gov.au/Business-Centre/Annual-Audit/~/media/7E75EC20541B4CA39E97DE708D1816B6.pdf (see Table 8: Summary of GreenPower Sales 2013 (MWh)).  
Also National GreenPower Accreditation Program Status Report.  Executive Summary.  Quarterly status of National GreenPower Accreditation Program
http://www.greenpower.gov.au/~/media/Business%20Centre/Quarterly%20Reports/2014_Q4_Report.pdf 

5.1.1.3	Rooftop PV

Where,
= Total Rooftop PV output;
  = Sum of metered output in the year of all PV installations with capacity less than 200 kW in the following categories: 
-	supplied with ACT feed in tariff (f.i.t.)
-	supplied under gross metering but without f.i.t.
-	supplied under net metering.
Data sources:
 - As advised by ActewAGL Distribution in regular reports to the ACT Environment, Planning and Sustainable Development Directorate

5.1.1.4	Below Baseline NSW region NEM renewable generation

Where,
1 = Inventory year − 4;
2 = Inventory year − 3;
3 = Inventory year − 2;
4 = Inventory year − 1;
5 = Inventory year.

and

For each of the following Stations:  Hume, Blowering, Guthega, Tumut 1, Tumut 2, Tumut 3 (net of pump energy input):

Where,
For each of the following Stations:
1 = Hume;
2 = Blowering;
3 = Guthega;
4 = Tumut 1;
5 = Tumut 2;
6 = Tumut 3 (net of pump energy input);
 = the lesser of:
-	electrical energy sent out in the inventory year, and
-	the simple average of the RET Baseline in the calendar year covering the first half of the reporting year and the calendar year covering the second half of the reporting year.
 = Electrical energy supplied by TransGrid to ActewAGL Distribution;
 = Total NSW region Native demand;
= NSW region Small Non-scheduled Generation;
 = NSW region transmission losses.

Data sources:
Info for each station - Clean Energy Regulator https://www.rec-registry.gov.au/rec-registry/app/public/power-station-register
  -  Australian Energy Regulator  http://www.aer.gov.au/node/24311 
- Australian Energy Market Operator  http://forecasting.aemo.com.au/AnnualConsumption
 - Australian Energy Market Operator  http://forecasting.aemo.com.au/AnnualConsumption
 -  Australian Energy Market Operator  http://forecasting.aemo.com.au/AnnualConsumption

5.1.1.5	Total metered electrical energy sent out from all renewable generators contracted by the ACT Government under Action Plan 2.

Where,
= Sum of metered electrical energy sent out by all renewable generators contracted by the ACT Government under Action Plan 2.

5.1.1.6	Total renewable electrical energy being paid for by ACT electricity consumers

Where,
S1 = Total LRET purchases;
S2 = Total GreenPower sales in the ACT;
S3 = Total Rooftop PV output;
S4 = Below Baseline NSW region NEM renewable generation;
S5 = Total metered electrical energy sent out from all renewable generators contracted by the ACT Government under Action Plan 2.

5.1.2	Calculate the emissions intensity of other electricity supplied through the NEM

5.1.2.1	Calculate the average sent out emissions intensity of NSW coal fired generation

Where 	
 = The  average sent out emissions intensity of NSW coal fired generation
 =  Electricity generated at coal fired generator  in the inventory year
=  As generated emissions intensity of coal fired generator  in the inventory year  
  =  Auxiliary factor for generator 
Data sources: 
 - Data on S, Exp and Imp from Australian Energy Market Operator:  http://www.aemo.com.au/Electricity/Data/Market-Management-System-MMS/Generation-and-Load and  http://www.aemo.com.au/Electricity/Data/Market-Management-System-MMS/Dispatch
  - Data on e and aux from Australian Energy Market Operator  : http://www.aemo.com.au/Electricity/Planning/Related-Information/Planning-Assumptions

5.1.2.2	Calculate the average sent out emissions intensity of Queensland coal fired generation

Where 	
 = Average sent out emissions intensity of Queensland coal fired generation
=  Electricity generated at coal fired generator  in the inventory year
=  As generated emissions intensity of coal fired generator  in the inventory year  
 =  Auxiliary factor for generator 

5.1.2.3	Calculate the average sent out emissions intensity of Victorian coal fired generation

Where,
=  Electricity generated at coal fired generator  in the inventory year
 =  As generated emissions intensity of coal fired generator  in the inventory year  
  =  Auxiliary factor for generator 

5.1.2.4	Calculate the total emissions from coal fired generation consumed in NSW

Where,
=  Total emissions from coal fired generation consumed in NSW       
   =  Exports of electricity from NSW to Victoria   
  =  Exports of electricity from NSW to Queensland
   =  Imports of electricity to NSW from Victoria     
  =  Imports of electricity to NSW from Queensland     
5.1.2.5	Calculate the average sent out emissions intensity of fossil fuel electricity consumed in NSW

Where,
=  Sent out emissions intensity of NSW fossil fuel generation
  =  Electricity generated at NSW gas and petroleum fired generator  in the inventory year  
 =  As generated emissions intensity of gas and petroleum fired generator  in the inventory year  
  =  Auxiliary factor for generator 

5.1.3	Calculate total Scope 2 emissions attributable to electricity consumed in the ACT 

Where,	
  =  Scope 2 emissions of electricity consumed in the ACT
  =  Total consumption of electricity, including distribution losses, in the ACT in the inventory year
Data sources:
 -  ActewAGL Distribution (a component of the annual RIN submission to the AER)

5.2	Natural gas

Annual emissions are calculated using the following equation: 
𝐸𝑁G  =  (𝑄𝑁𝐺  -  QAction x  ECNG )  x  𝐸𝐹𝑁𝐺 / 106      (2) 
Where: 
𝐸𝑁𝐺 is emissions from natural gas consumption in kilotonnes of CO2-e 
𝑄𝑁𝐺 is the consumption of purchased natural gas in the ACT, in gigajoules
QAction is natural gas used by the ACTION bus fleet, in cubic metres
ECNG is the energy content of natural gas, in gigajoules per cubic metre
EFNG is the Scope 1 emission factor for natural gas combustion in kilograms of CO2-e per gigajoule. 
Data sources:
	𝑄𝑁𝐺  		ActewAGL Distribution  
	QAction  		ACTION 
ECNG, EFNG 	The most recent published edition of Department of the Environment, National Greenhouse Accounts Factors. 

5.3	LPG stationary combustion

Annual emissions are calculated using the following equation: 
𝐸LPG= 𝑄LPG  x  𝐸𝐶LPG  x  EFLPG / 106   (3) 
Where: 
ELPG is emissions from LPG stationary combustion expressed in kilotonnes of CO2-e 
QLPG is the consumption of LPG for stationary combustion expressed in tonnes 
ECLPG is the energy content factor for LPG expressed in gigajoules per tonne 
EFLPG is the Scope 1 emissions factor for LPG in kilograms of CO2-e per gigajoule. 
Data sources:
QLPG 		Total bulk and bottled sales of LPG to ACT consumers; data to be collected from Elgas, Boral and Supagas
ECLPG and EFLPG 	The most recent published edition of Department of the Environment, National Greenhouse Accounts Factors. 

5.4	Fuel oil

Where: 
EFO is emissions from fuel oil consumption expressed in kilotonnes of CO2-e. 
EIW is annual Scope 1 emissions from combustion of fuel oil by ICON Water, as included in the annual report by the business under the National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Scheme (NGERS).
QFO is the consumption of fuel oil in the ACT by users other than ICON Water (if any)   
ECWF is the energy content factor for fuel oil expressed in gigajoules per tonne 
EFWF is the Scope 1 emissions factor for fuel oil in kilograms of CO2-e per gigajoule. 
Data sources:
	EIW 		ICON Water
QFO		Total sales of fuel oil to ACT consumers; data to be collected by a survey of users/and/or suppliers.  
ECFO and EFFO 	The most recent published edition of Department of the Environment, National Greenhouse Accounts Factors.

5.5	Wood-fuel 

Annual emissions are calculated using the following equation: 
 EWF =     x    x  EFWF / 106   (3) 
Where: 
EWF is emissions from wood fuel consumption expressed in kilotonnes of CO2-e 
QWF is the consumption of dry wood expressed in tonnes 
ECWF is the energy content factor for dry wood expressed in gigajoules per tonne 
EFWF is the Scope 1 emissions factor for dry wood in kilograms of CO2-e per gigajoule. 
Data sources:
QWF 		The most recent available ACT government Firewood Sales report
ECWF and EFWF 	The most recent published edition of Department of the Environment, National Greenhouse Accounts Factors.

5.6	Fugitive energy emissions:  Natural gas distribution

Annual emissions are calculated using the following equation: 
Efug  =  𝑄𝑁𝐺  x  UAG/(1  -  UAG)  x  0.55  x  (CCO2   +  CCH4) / 103
Where: 
Efug is the fugitive emissions from the ACT gas distribution network in tonnes CO2‑e.
𝑄𝑁𝐺 is the consumption of purchased natural gas in the ACT, in gigajoules
UAG is Unaccounted for gas in the ACT gas distribution network in the inventory year, in percent; it has the value 1.7% for the period 2010 to 2015.   
CCO2 is the composition factor for CO2 in gas supplied to the ACT, in tonnes CO2‑e per terajoule, and is equal to 0.8 in the 2014-15 inventory year. 
CCH4 is the composition factor for methane in gas supplied to the ACT, in tonnes CO2‑e per terajoule, and is equal to 328 in the 2014-15 inventory year. 
Data sources:
𝑄𝑁𝐺  		ActewAGL Distribution  
UAG 	Australian Energy Regulator, 2010. Access arrangement for the ACT, Queanbeyan and Palerang gas distribution network, 1 July 2010 – 30 June 2015.  http://www.aer.gov.au/node/4785 
CCO2   +  CCH4 	Department of the Environment, 2014. Technical guidelines for the estimation of greenhouse gas emissions by facilities in Australia. http://www.environment.gov.au/climate-change/greenhouse-gas-measurement/publications/nger-technical-guidelines-2014    

6.	Method for calculating emissions from transport 
Annual emissions are calculated using the following equation: 
𝐸Trans  = ( Σ (𝑄Pi  x  𝐸CPi  x  EFPi )  +  QAction x  ECNG  x 𝐸𝐹𝑁𝐺 )   / 106   
Where: 
𝐸Trans is emissions from consumption of road transport fuels in kilotonnes of CO2-e 
𝑄Pi is the consumption of road transport fuel type i, where i is LPG, petrol, diesel, in kilolitres 
ECPi is the energy content factor for road transport fuel type i, in gigajoules per kilolitre 
EFPi is the Scope 1 emissions factor for road transport fuel type i, in kilograms of CO2-e per gigajoule. 
QAction is natural gas used by the ACTION bus fleet, in cubic metres
ECNG is the energy content of natural gas, in gigajoules per cubic metre
EFNG is the Scope 1 emission factor for natural gas combustion in kilograms of CO2-e per gigajoule. 
Data sources:
𝑄Pi 		The  Fuel Survey undertaken by the Environment, Planning and Sustainable Development Directorate   
ECPi , EFPi , ECNG , EFNG 	The most recent published edition of Department of the Environment, National Greenhouse Accounts Factors.  
QAction  		ACTION 

7.	Method for calculating emissions from industrial processes and product use

7.1	Product uses as substitutes for ozone depleting substances
𝐸SG  = Gt-2 x (t – 1999) + It-2
Where: 
𝐸SG  = is emissions from use of synthetic gases in the inventory year t
t = financial year ending 30 June
Gt-2 = the gradient of the linear regression of each annual value of ACT emissions from use of synthetic gases from 2000 to year t-2 inclusive, as contained in the National Greenhouse Accounts compiled by the Department of the Environment for year t-2 
It-2 = the intercept on the y-axis of the linear regression of each annual value of ACT emissions from use of synthetic gases from 2000 to year t-2 inclusive, as contained in the National Greenhouse Accounts compiled by the Department of the Environment for year t-2.

8.	Method for calculating emissions from agriculture
ACT emissions are the value for the ACT for total emissions from Agriculture, emissions source category 3 under the 2006 IPCC Guidelines, contained in the most recent National Greenhouse Accounts compiled by the Department of the Environment.  The year concerned will normally be the year two years prior to the year for which the ACT inventory is being compiled.

9.	Method for calculating emissions from land use, land-use change and forestry
ACT emissions are the value for the ACT for total emissions from Land-use, land-use change and forestry, emissions source category 4 under the 2006 IPCC Guidelines, contained in the most recent National Greenhouse Accounts compiled by the Department of the Environment.  The year concerned will normally be the year two years prior to the year for which the ACT inventory is being compiled.

10.	 Method for calculating emissions from waste  

10.1	Methane released from landfills

10.1.1	Introductory explanation of methodology
The calculations below follow the IPCC (and thus the NGERS) method for estimating emissions from landfills. Various constants and defaults have been used consistent with the current usage in the NGERS method. The output can be achieved by inserting the relevant data into the NGERS calculator.
The model for decomposition works by creating a record of landfill stock levels of waste in various types for which decomposition is well understood (e.g. food; paper and cardboard; etc), and then assessing how much of that stock will decompose to create landfill gas in a given year. The overall amount of degradable organic carbon (DOC) is calculated for each waste type as it enters the landfill. The amount of this that subsequently degrades to produce landfill gas is termed decomposable degradable organic carbon (DDOC) and this stock amount is tallied year on year, accounting for degradation, for each waste type. 

10.1.2	Methodology in detail
Methane released from landfills (other than from flaring of methane) in the inventory year is calculated by the following equation:
Ej  =  [CH4* - γ (Qcap  +  Qflared  +  Qtr)]  x  (1 – OF)

where:
Ej is the emissions of methane released by the landfill during the year measured in CO2-e tonnes.
CH4* is the estimated quantity of methane in landfill gas generated by the landfill during the year and measured in CO2-e tonnes.
γ  is the factor 6.784 × 10‑4 × 25 converting cubic metres of methane at standard conditions to CO2-e tonnes.
Qcap is the quantity of methane in landfill gas captured for combustion from the landfill during the year and measured in cubic metres.
Qflared  is the quantity of methane in landfill gas flared from the landfill during the year and measured in cubic metres.
Qtr is the quantity of methane in landfill gas (if any) transferred out of the landfill during the year and measured in cubic metres.
OF is the oxidation factor (0.1) for near surface methane in the landfill.
The estimation of CH4* takes account of the following factors:
(a) the tonnage of total solid waste disposed of in the landfill in previous years, as set out in Table 1;
(b) the tonnage of total solid waste disposed of in the landfill in the inventory year; 
(c) the composition of the solid waste disposed of in the landfill during the year estimated in the categories municipal solid waste (MSW), commercial and industrial waste (C&I), and construction and demolition (C&D) as in Table 1 for years prior to 1975-2016 and thereafter equal to the reported total tonnage divided into the percentages in Table 2 (unless a more accurate measured breakdown is available);
(d) the proportions in each of the three categories of the different types of degradable waste, as set out in Table 3;
(e) the degradable organic carbon content of each of the types of degradable waste disposed of in the landfill by waste type, as set out in Table 4; 
(f) the opening stock of degradable organic carbon in the solid waste at the landfill at the start of the first reporting period (financial year 1975) for the landfill is zero; 
(g) methane generation constants (k values) for the solid waste at the landfill as per Table 5; 
(h) the fraction of degradable organic carbon dissimilated (DOCF) estimated in accordance with Table 6; 
(i) the methane correction factor for aerobic decomposition is 1; 

The quantity of methane generated by the landfill is calculated by the following equation:
CH4*  = (∆Cost + ∆Cat)  F  1.336  25
where:
CH4* is the quantity of methane generated by the landfill measured in CO2-e tonnes
F is the fraction of methane generated in landfill gas and is 0.5.
1.336 is the factor to convert a mass of carbon to a mass of methane
25 is the 100-year Global Warming potential (GWP) of methane, which converts tonnes of methane to tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent
∆Cost is the change in the quantity of the opening stock of decomposable degradable organic carbon derived from the sum of all waste mix types located in the landfill during the reporting year, measured in tonnes, lost through decomposition, and estimated by the following equation:
∆Cost = ∑i Cosit  (1-e --ki)
where:
Cosit is the quantity of decomposable degradable organic carbon accumulated in the landfill at the beginning of the reporting year from all waste mix types deposited in all prior years, measured in tonnes and equals:
Cosit = Ccsit-1
where:
Ccsit-1 is the closing stock of decomposable degradable organic carbon accumulated in the landfill in the year immediately preceding the reporting year from all waste mix types defined above, measured in tonnes and equals:
Ccsit = Cosit – ∆Cosit + Cait – ∆Cait
and   
ki is the methane generation constant for each waste mix type as specified in Table 5.
and:
∆Cat  is the change in the quantity of decomposable degradable organic carbon derived from the sum of all waste mix types deposited at the landfill during the reporting year, measured in tonnes, lost through decomposition, and equals:
∆Cat = ∑i Cait  [1−e –ki x (13 – M) /12]
where:
Cait is the quantity of degradable organic carbon in all waste mix types specified in Table 3 deposited at the landfill during the year concerned, measured in tonnes and is equal to:
Cait = (Qit  DOCi  DOCfi  MCF)
where:
Qit is the quantity of each waste mix type defined in Table 3 deposited at the landfill during the year concerned, measured in tonnes.
DOCi  is the fraction of the degradable organic carbon content in each waste type, as specified in Table 4 of the solid waste for all waste mix types defined above and deposited at the landfill.
DOCfi  is the fraction of decomposable degradable organic carbon for each waste mix types as specified in Table 6.
MCF is the methane correction factor for aerobic decomposition for the facility during the reporting year and is equal to 1.
and where:
i is the waste type.
t is the reporting year.
M is the number of months before commencement of methane generation at the landfill (here zero) plus seven.
Σi is the sum for all waste mix types specified in Table 3

Table 1: Waste deposition baseline for emissions model
Financial Year	MSW	C&I	C&D	Total waste	
1975	 20,896 	 14,105 	 17,239 	 52,239 	
1976	 26,790 	 18,083 	 22,102 	 66,975 	
1977	 32,677 	 22,057 	 26,959 	 81,693 	
1978	 38,556 	 26,026 	 31,809 	 96,391 	
1979	 44,345 	 29,933 	 36,585 	 110,862 	
1980	 50,421 	 34,034 	 41,597 	 126,052 	
1981	 56,613 	 38,214 	 46,706 	 141,533 	
1982	 63,556 	 42,900 	 52,434 	 158,890 	
1983	 70,901 	 47,858 	 58,494 	 177,254 	
1984	 78,593 	 53,050 	 64,839 	 196,482 	
1985	 86,629 	 58,474 	 71,469 	 216,572 	
1986	 95,424 	 64,411 	 78,725 	 238,560 	
1987	 104,205 	 70,338 	 85,969 	 260,513 	
1988	 113,336 	 76,502 	 93,502 	 283,341 	
1989	 121,752 	 82,182 	 100,445 	 304,379 	
1990	 135,618 	 91,542 	 111,885 	 339,045 	
1991	 125,331 	 84,599 	 103,398 	 313,328 	
1992	 124,123 	 83,783 	 102,402 	 310,308 	
1993	 122,128 	 82,437 	 100,756 	 305,321 	
1994	 166,319 	 112,265 	 137,213 	 415,798 	
1995	 108,822 	 73,455 	 89,778 	 272,054 	
1996	 100,827 	 68,058 	 83,182 	 252,068 	
1997	 95,192 	 64,255 	 78,534 	 237,981 	
1998	 95,890 	 64,726 	 79,110 	 239,726 	
1999	 101,074 	 68,225 	 83,386 	 252,686 	
2000	 103,634 	 69,953 	 85,498 	 259,084 	
2001	 89,690 	 60,541 	 73,994 	 224,225 	
2002	 88,866 	 63,161 	 68,302 	 220,328 	
2003	 84,207 	 62,810 	 60,049 	 207,067 	
2004	 85,440 	 66,685 	 56,265 	 208,390 	
2005	 84,484 	 68,813 	 51,099 	 204,396 	
2006	 80,130 	 67,951 	 44,232 	 192,313 	
2007	 82,919 	 73,047 	 41,459 	 197,425 	
2008	 87,937 	 80,320 	 39,468 	 207,725 	
2009	 91,293 	 86,301 	 36,375 	 213,969 	
2010	98,344	96,057	34,306	228,706	
2011	115,240	112,560	40,200	268,000	
2012	136,672	133,494	47,676	317,842	
2013	109,689	107,138	38,264	255,091	
2014	102,471	100,088	35,746	238,304	

Table 2:  Waste stream proportions of total solid waste to landfill
Waste stream	Proportion	
Municipal solid waste	43%	
Commercial and industrial	42%	
Construction and demolition	15%	

Table 3 Default proportions of each waste type in the three solid waste streams
Waste mix type	Municipal solid waste default %	Commercial and industrial waste default %	Construction and demolition waste default %	
Food	35	21.5	0	
Paper and cardboard	13	15.5	3	
Garden and park	16.5	4	2	
Wood and wood waste	1	12.5	6	
Textiles	1.5	4	0	
Sludge	0	1.5	0	
Nappies	4	0	0	
Rubber and Leather	1	3.5	0	
Inert waste 	28	37.5	89	

Table 4: Waste mix types DOC values.
Waste mix type	Degradable organic carbon value	
Food	0.15	
Paper and cardboard	0.40	
Garden and green	0.20	
Wood and wood waste	0.43	
Textiles	0.24	
Sludge	0.05	
Nappies	0.24	
Rubber and Leather	0.39	
Inert waste 	0.00	
Alternative waste treatment residue 	0.08	

Table 5: Waste type k values
Waste mix type	k values	
Food	0.06	
Paper and cardboard 	0.04	
Garden and Green	0.05	
Wood	0.02	
Textiles	0.04	
Sludge	0.06	
Nappies	0.04	
Rubber and Leather	0.04	
Alternative waste treatment residue	0.04	

Table 6: Fraction of DOC dissimilated (DOCF)
Waste mix type	DOCF value	
Food 	0.84	
Paper and cardboard 	0.49	
Garden and green 	0.47	
Wood 	0.23	
Textiles 	0.5	
Sludge 	0.5	
Nappies 	0.5	
Rubber and leather 	0.5	
Inert waste 	0.0	
Alternative waste treatment residues 	0.5	

10.2	Biological treatment of solid waste

Methane and nitrous oxide released from the composting of biomass materials in an un-enclosed composting facility is calculated by the following equation

Ej  

where:
EFj is the emission factor for each gas type (j), being methane or nitrous oxide, released from the composting process measured in tonnes of CO2‑e per tonne of waste processed, having the following values:
	For the gas type methane	0.019
	For the gas type nitrous oxide	0.029
Ej is the emissions of the gas type (j), being methane or nitrous oxide, released from the landfill during the year from the composting process measured in CO2‑e tonnes.
M is the mass of biomass materials treated by composting during the year measured in tonnes of waste.
R is:
	(a)	for the gas type methane—the total amount of methane recovered during the year at the site from the composting of biomass materials measured in tonnes of CO2‑e; or
	(b)	for the gas type nitrous oxide—zero.

10.3	Wastewater treatment and discharge
Annual emissions from nitrous oxide emissions arising from wastewater treatment by ICON Water, as included in the annual report by the business under the National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Scheme (NGERS).
Data source:	ICON Water