2008

THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY FOR THE AUSTRALIAN CAPITAL TERRITORY

DANGEROUS SUBSTANCES AND LITTER (DUMPING) LEGISLATION AMENDMENT BILL 2008

EXPLANATORY STATEMENT

Circulated by authority by 
Mr Jon Stanhope MLA
Minister for Territory and Municipal Services

DANGEROUS SUBSTANCES AND LITTER (DUMPING) LEGISLATION AMENDMENT BILL 2008
Overview
The Dangerous Substances and Litter (Dumping) Legislation Amendment Bill 2008 (the Bill) amends a number of Acts and Regulations with a view to decreasing incidents of illegal dumping and to facilitate the recovery of costs involved in removing illegally dumped material.

The Bill amends:
•	the Dangerous Substances Act 2004;
•	the Litter Act 2004;
•	the Magistrates Court (Litter Infringement Notices) Regulation 2004;
•	the Road Transport (General) Regulation 2000; and
•	the Road Transport (Safety and traffic Management) Act 1999.

The Bill:
•	clarifies the operation of the Dangerous Substances Act 2004, particularly in relation what is meant in that Act by the handling of dangerous substances;
•	increases some penalties under the Litter Act 2004 and creates new offences in that Act targeted at dumping;
•	facilitates the recovery of the cost of removal and rectification of illegally dumped material, through new provisions in the Litter Act 2004; and
•	permits the Police, in limited circumstances, to impound vehicles used in the commission of offences under the Litter Act 2004 and the Dangerous Substances Act 2004.  This is done by extending the operation of current vehicle impounding provisions under the Division 2.3 of the Road Transport (Safety and Traffic Management) Act 1999.

Notes on Clauses
Part 1	Preliminary provisions
Clause 1	Name of Act
This clause is a formal provision setting out the name of the proposed Act.

Clause 2	Commencement
This clause explains that the proposed Act will commence on a day fixed by the Minister.  This method of commencement has been chosen to allow for a period of time to raise the public’s awareness to the new provisions.

Part 2	Amendments to the Dangerous Substances Act 2004

Clause 3	Legislation Amended by Part 2
This clause is a formal provision to identify that the legislation to be amended by this Part of the Bill is the Dangerous Substances Act 2004 (the DS Act).

Clauses 4 and 5	New examples
These clauses insert new examples into sections 43 and 45 of the DS Act.  They provide examples where dumping of dangerous substances (as defined by that Act) would constitute offending behaviour under those sections.  Section 23 of the DS Act imposes a general safety duty on everyone handling dangerous substances anywhere.  Handling a dangerous substances includes disposing of the substance (see section 11.)  The purpose of the examples is to make clear that disposing of a dangerous substances includes the act of dumping of the substance.

Part 3	Amendments to the Litter Act 2004

Clause 6	Legislation Amended by Part 3
This clause is a formal provision to identify that the legislation to be amended by this Part of the Bill is the Litter Act 2004 (the Litter Act).

Clause 7	Definition of escape - note
This clause adds a note to section 8(2) of the Litter Act to advise that “escape” is defined in the dictionary.

Clause 8	Removal of definition of escape from section 8 of the Litter Act
This clause removes the current definition of “escape” from section 8(6) of the Litter Act.  The definition is moved to the dictionary at the end of the Act (see clause 21 of the Bill).

Clause 9	Aggravated littering (section 9, penalty)
This clause increases the penalty for aggravated littering under section 9 of the Litter Act from 50 penalty units, imprisonment for 6 months or both, to 100 penalty units, imprisonment for 1 year or both.

Clause 10	New sections 9A to 9C
This clause inserts three new offence provisions into the Litter Act.

New section 9A establishes new offences of intentionally dumping litter where the volume of the litter dumped is greater than an amount to be prescribed in regulation.  The maximum penalty is 100 penalty units, imprisonment for one year, or both.

The new offences can be distinguished from the lesser offences contained in section 8.  Section 8 offences are characterised by the act of “depositing” litter, whereas the new offences are characterised by the act of “dumping” litter.  Although the word “dump” is not defined in the Act, the word suggests a more substantial act than mere depositing (which the Act defines as “the act of parting with possession with the litter.”)  

The Macquarie dictionary defines the word “dump” to include:
to throw down in a mass, fling down or drop heavily;
to empty out, as from a cart, by tilting;...
to unload; ....

The provisions are intended to cover more substantial forms of “littering” such as abandonment of quantities of soil or builder’s rubble, disused whitegoods or other electrical appliances.  The offences would not cover the dropping of small items such as wrappers and cigarette butts, which would continue to be covered by section 8.

Section 9B establishes an alternative strict liability offence of dumping litter, with a lower penalty (50 penalty units) than section 9A.  The Government is of the view that a strict liability offence is warranted.  The physical element of the offence, the dumping of a quantity of litter, is the critical feature of the offence.

Section 10 of the Litter Act already provides for a strict liability offence of depositing commercial waste at a public place.  New section 9C mirrors that offence, but with a higher penalty (100 penalty units).  For this reason this new offence is not a strict liability offence.

Clause 11	Section 10 heading
This clause changes the heading of section 10 of the Litter Act to clarify that the existing offence under that section is a strict liability offence.

Clause 12	Division 4.3 heading
This clause changes the heading of Division 4.3 of the Litter Act to “Dealing with litter” in recognition that the division deals not only with removal of litter, but also with restoration of areas damaged by litter.

Clause 13	Subdivision 4.3.1 heading
The current division 4.3 of the Litter Act is to be split into two subdivisions.  This clause inserts a new heading for new subdivision 4.3.1.

Clause 14	Section 21 heading
This clause changes the heading to section 21 of the Litter Act to recognise that the operation of the section is being widened to cover not only removal of litter, but also restoration of public areas that have been affected by litter.  See the notes to clause 15 of the Bill.

Clause 15	New section 21(4)
This clause replaces existing section 21(4) of the Litter Act.  Existing section 21 deals with the issuing of a notice to a person who has littered to remove or dispose of litter.  

There may be circumstances where the act of littering, particularly when it involves larger amounts of material, damages a public place.  For example, a trailer load of rubble dumped in bushland might kill the grass or plants on which it has been deposited.  The notice can require that the area be restored, in addition to the removal of the rubble.  A notice to restore under this section can only be issued for damage to public places.

Clause 16	Section 22 heading
This clause changes the heading to section 22 of the Litter Act to recognise that the operation of the section is being widened to cover not only removal of litter, but also restoration of public areas that has been affected by litter.  See the notes to clause 15 of the Bill.

Clause 17	New section 22(2)
This clause replaces existing section 22(2) of the Litter Act.  That section permits the chief executive responsible for the Litter Act to arrange for the removal or disposal of litter.  The provision is to be widened to include arranging for a public place that has been affected by littering to be restored.  See the notes to clause 15 of the Bill.

Clause 18	New section 23
This clause replaces the existing section 23 of the Litter Act, other than the note at the end of the section.  The current provision establishes that a person who fails to comply with a notice under section 21 must pay the Territory’s reasonable costs.  The provision is to be widened to include arranging for a public place that has been affected by littering to be restored.  See the notes to clause 15 of the Bill.

Clause 19	AAT review
This clause amends the cross-reference to section 21 of the Litter Act to recognise that the heading for that section has been changed.  See clause 14 of the Bill.

Clause 20	New subdivision 4.3.2
This clause inserts a new subdivision 4.3.2 into the Litter Act to provide an alternative to the current Division 4.3 (sections 20-24 of the Act).  Under the current provisions the Territory can seek the recovery of the cost of removal of litter, however it must first identify the person who caused the littering and issue them with a notice to remove the rubbish.  That person then has 28 days to challenge the notice in the AAT.  Only at the expiry of the appeal period can the Territory remove the offending material and seek compensation.

The new subdivision (comprising sections 24A and 24B) recognises that there may be instances when the Territory cannot delay removing the litter, particularly if it is capable of causing harm, or if it is in the public interest to immediately remove the rubbish.  Examples where it would be in the public interest to remove the rubbish include where the rubbish is, unsightly, noisome, blocking access to public places, or encouraging other people to also deposit litter in the same place.  

There may be situations where the identity of a litterer is not immediately known, but subsequently they are identified.  In those situations it is appropriate that the Territory should be able to recoup the cost of removal from the litterer should they be subsequently identified.

New section 24A thus permits the Territory to arrange for the removal of litter in a public place and to restore the area to the state it was in immediately before the littering occurred.  Section 24B then permits the Territory to recover the cost of removal and restoration from the perpetrator without issuing a notice to rectify the damage, provided the removal and restoration done under section 24A(2) satisfied the criteria set out in section 24A(1)(b).

The provisions do not stop the Territory from removing litter or rubbish from a public place at any time, irrespective of the circumstances under which it is deposited, however if the conditions in subsection 24A(1)(b) have not been satisfied, it would not be possible, under the Act, to recover costs should the perpetrator subsequently be identified.  In this sense, the new provisions are no different from the current sections 20-24.

Clause 21	Definition of “escape”
This clause inserts the definition of escape, formerly in section 8(6) into the dictionary at the end of the Litter Act.  (See also clauses 7 and 8 of the Bill)

Part 4	Amendments to the Magistrates Court (Litter Infringement Notices) Regulation 2004

Clause 22	Legislation Amended by Part 4
This clause is a formal provision to identify that the legislation to be amended by this Part of the Bill is the Magistrates Court (Litter Infringement Notices) Regulation 2004 (the Regulation).

Clause 23	New item 4 in the Schedule to the Regulation
This clause inserts a new item into Schedule 1 of the Regulation.  This establishes that infringement notices can be issued for a breach of new section 9B of the Litter Act 2004.  The infringement notice penalty is $1,000, which is 20% of the maximum penalty permitted under section 9B.

Part 5	Amendments to the Road Transport (General Regulation 2000

The purpose of the amendments in Part 5 of the Bill is to extend the operation of the current motor vehicle impounding provisions contained in Division 2.3 of the Road Transport (Safety and Traffic Management) Act 1999 to include impounding of motor vehicles for offences under the Dangerous Substances Act 2004 and the Litter Act 2004.

Clause 24	Legislation Amended by Part 5
This clause is a formal provision to identify that the legislation to be amended by this Part of the Bill is the Road Transport (General) Regulation 2000 (the RT General Regulation).

Clause 25	New Part 1A
This clause adds a new section 4B to the RT General Regulation to enable short descriptions of offences under the Dangerous Substances Act 2004 and the Litter Act 2004 to be included in notices required to be issued under division 2.3 of the Road Transport (Safety and Traffic Management) Act 1999.  The provision does not operate to prescribe that these Acts form part of the road transport legislation in any other sense.

Part 6	Amendments to the Road Transport (Safety and Traffic Management) Act 1999

The purpose of the amendments in Part 6 of the Bill is to extend the operation of the current motor vehicle impounding provisions contained in Division 2.3 of the Road Transport (Safety and Traffic Management) Act 1999 to include impounding of motor vehicles for offences under the Dangerous Substances Act 2004 and the Litter Act 2004.

Clause 26	Legislation Amended by Part 6
This clause is a formal provision to identify that the legislation to be amended by this Part of the Bill is the Road Transport (Safety and Traffic Management) Act 1999 (the Safety and Traffic Management Act).

Clause 27	New section 10AA
This clause inserts a new section 10AA before section 10A in the Safety and Traffic Management Act.  The section provides a definition of “relevant offence” for the purposes of division 2.3 of that Act.  The definition refers to the offences in sections 5A, 5B and 8 of the Act (the offences for which division 2.3 already operates) and adds to them the following:
•	offences under part 3.2 of the Dangerous Substances Act 2004; and
•	offences under section 9, 9A and 9C(1) of the Litter Act 2004.

Clauses 28-32	Inserting references to “relevant offence”
These clauses amend the following provisions of division 2.3 of the Safety and Traffic Management by replacing the references to sections 5A, 5B and 8 of the Safety and Traffic Management Act (the offences for which division 2.3 already operates) with the new definition of “relevant offence” created by new section 10AA:
clause 28	section 10B(1);
clause 29	section 10B (6)(a);
clause 30	section 10B(10);
clause 31	section 10C(1)(a); and
clause 32	section 10D(2).

The operation of the amended provisions is not altered, other than to extend their operation to the offences under part 3.2 of the Dangerous Substances Act 2004; and sections 9, 9A and 9C(1) of the Litter Act 2004.

Clause 33	Keeping of vehicles seized under s10C(1)(a) - removal of definition of “relevant offence” from section 10E(5)
This clause removes section 10E(5) from the Safety and Traffic Management Act, as the definition of “relevant offence” is now included in new section 10AA, by operation of clause 27 of this Bill.

Clause 34	Further amendments, mentions of “offence”
This clause replaces other references to “offence” with “relevant offence” in sections 10B(3)(a), 10B(4) and 10B(8) of the Safety and Traffic Management Act.