Australian Capital Territory
Heritage (Decision about Registration of 12 Marawa Pl, Aranda) Notice 2008 (No 1)
Notifiable Instrument NI 2008 – 421
made under the
Heritage Act 2004 section 42 Notice of decision about registration

1.	Revocation
This instrument replaces NI2008 – 121

2.	Name of instrument
This instrument is the Heritage (Decision about Registration for 12 Marawa Pl, Aranda) Notice 2008 (No 1).

3.	Registration details of the place
Registration details of the place are at Attachment A: Register entry for 12 Marawa Pl, Aranda,

4.	Reason for decision
The ACT Heritage Council has decided that the 12 Marawa Pl, Aranda meets one or more of the heritage significance criteria at s 10 of the Heritage Act 2004.  The register entry is at Attachment A.

5.	Date of Registration
11 September 2008.

The Secretary
ACT Heritage Council
GPO Box 158
CANBERRA ACT 2602

  …………………..                            
Gerhard Zatschler
Secretary ACT Heritage Council 
GPO Box 158, Canberra ACT 2602

11 September 2008

	AUSTRALIAN CAPITAL TERRITORY

HERITAGE REGISTER

	

 	

For the purposes of s. 33 of the Heritage Act 2004, an entry to the heritage register has been prepared by the ACT Heritage Council for the following place:

•	12 Marawa Place

Block 6, Section 31

ARANDA

DATE OF REGISTRATION

Notified: 11 September 2008 Notifiable Instrument: NI2008–421

Copies of the Register Entry are available for inspection at the ACT Heritage Unit.  For further information please contact:

			The Secretary
			ACT Heritage Council
			GPO Box 158, Canberra, ACT 2601

	Telephone: 132281     Facsimile: (02) 6207 2229

IDENTIFICATION OF THE PLACE

•	12 Marawa Place, Block 6, Section 31, Suburb of Aranda, ACT.

HISTORY OF THE PLACE

The house at 12 Marawa Place, Aranda, is a three bedroom residence that was designed by Romberg and Boyd Architects, with Robin Boyd as the design partner, in 1968-69 for Mr and Mrs D H Eltringham, construction being completed in 1970-71.1  

Aranda was the first residential suburb built in the new town of Belconnen, directly west of Black Mountain.  It began development in 1967 and to this day is predominantly made up of individual houses set amongst a native treed landscape.  

Residential settlements such as Aranda were an integral part of the creation and planning of Canberra.  Peter Harrison AO as National Capital Development Commission Director and First Assistant Commissioner of Town Planning from 1959-67 coordinated the design of Canberra’s new low-density neighbourhood suburbs in a series of new ‘satellite’ towns.2

The new suburbs designed by the National Capital Development Commission (NCDC) were generally based on ‘Radburn’ planning, with the segregation of traffic and pedestrians; their size determined by primary school catchments.  The segregated pedestrian paths were often set in parkland or nature reserves linking the residential blocks with shops and schools, often passing under or bridging the roads.  The pedestrian path in Aranda extends from the Aranda Bushland to the south through the centre of the suburb linking into the shops and schools, across to the Aranda District Playing Fields to the north; then on over Belconnen Way to link into the suburb of Bruce.  The Marawa Place house is located at the end of the cul-du-sac abutting the segregated pedestrian landscaped path.

This planning was a departure from the earlier planning authorities’ Garden City suburb planning of inner Canberra.  This house is one of only a few reflecting a shift at the time from mainly government designed and built housing to private development where the individual owner commissioned an architect. As such the building reflects not only the style of Romberg and Boyd Architects, but the result of the interaction between the owner and architect: the conscious choice by the owner of Boyd because of his style and the finished design demonstrating choices and wishes of the owner.

Late Twentieth-Century Regional Architecture

As a reaction to the architecture of the international style with its flat roofed, plain smooth wall surfaces and cubiform overall shape, some architects from the 1950s to the 1970s produced work which is now referred to as regional architecture.  Melbourne and Brisbane regional styles were the first to take form in the 1950s with the other major cities in Australia taking on their regional styles in the 1960s.  The styles reflected the lifestyles and climate of the various regions but had some similar influences and characteristics.

The regional styles incorporated freely composed simple shapes, natural materials, dark rough (clinker) or face brickwork or painted brickwork, exposed dark stained sawn timber and large areas of timber framed glazing.  Often their planning was split level, which followed the site topography and their interiors, often open planned (as was the international style), are carefully resolved.  The Australian bush or a constructed native landscaping was their prime setting.3

Robin Boyd is considered a key practitioner of the Post-War Melbourne Regional style of architecture.4  The Late Twentieth-Century Sydney Regional style of architecture, also referred to as the ‘Sydney School’, was the architectural aesthetic that was prevalent in the suburbs of NSW cities during the mid 1960s to the 1970s.

The international influences on the Sydney regional style were the modern architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright, Alvar Aalto, especially the Saynatsalo Town Hall, 1950-52, Finland, the post war architecture of Le Corbusier, notably the Jaoul Houses, 1954-56, Paris, and the residential architecture of the west coast of USA in the 1950s.  

The House at 12 Marawa Place

The house at 12 Marawa Place, Aranda, is the last of several residences in Canberra designed by Robin Boyd.  It exhibits Boyd's life long interest in modern architecture tempered by regional concerns, however, it has few of the elements of his earlier work where he designed "experimental and visually daring modern homes" including structuralist solutions.5  The residence is a reflection of 1960s family lifestyle and exhibits elements of the regional styles of architecture that were evolving at the time in Australia.  

Bill Williams, the project architect, believes Boyd designed the roof forms and full height glazing to address the hills in the distance to the west of the site.6  The gabled roof form of the house is not a recognised element of the Late Twentieth-Century Sydney Regional style, however, a low-pitched gable roof is a characteristic of the Post-War Melbourne Regional style; a style that Boyd was a key practitioner of.  The incorporation in this residence of face brickwork and tiled roofing are elements that exclude it from the Post-War Melbourne Regional style.7  

Boyd features this residence in his book Living in Australia where he states that his intention was to "adopt the materials of its suburb - brick and tiles - to be neighbourly".8  The aesthetic of the suburb of Aranda, specifically houses designed by architects, is predominantly of the Sydney School.   

Robin Boyd C.B.E. LFRAIA HFAIA (1919-1971)

Robin Boyd was born in Melbourne and came from a family of noted artists and writers.  He is considered one of Australia's leading architects, architectural critics and writers.  He was acknowledged as much for his contributions as an architectural historian as for his buildings.   In 1970 he published Living in Australia, which showcased his more recent work.  The RAIA named its annual national domestic architecture award after him, the Robin Boyd Award.  Roy Simpson, RAIA 1997 Gold Medallist, believed that "no other architect has ever approached his level of distinction as a writer" (Robin Boyd: a life).  He was made a Life Fellow of the RAIA and an Honorary Fellow of the American Institute of Architects.  In 1969 he was awarded the RAIA Gold Medal and the Order of the British Empire – Commander (Civil) in 1971. Boyd was listed as one of 200 in "The People Who Made Australia Great", a Bicentennial publication.9

In 1945 Boyd formed a partnership with Kevin Pethebridge and within a short time Frank Bell joined them.  In 1947 he published Victorian Modern, the first history of the beginning of modern architecture in his home state of Victoria.  Between 1947-53 Boyd was the first director of the "RVIA Small Homes Service" and from 1948 was the editor of this service for The Age newspaper and wrote weekly articles for the same newspaper.  The service provided designs for inexpensive houses, attempting to incorporate modern architectural aesthetics and functional planning.  The designs were sold to the public at a very small fee.  He became very well known through this service.  In 1952 Boyd published Australia's Homes, an important study of modern architecture in Australia at that time.  In 1953 he designed 'The Peninsula', possibly Australia's first project house.10 

In 1954 Roy Grounds, Frederick Romberg and Robin Boyd formed the practice of Grounds Romberg and Boyd.  This was a leading firm in Melbourne architecture where the three partners produced their own designs and sometimes shared their supervision work when one of them was travelling abroad.  Although initially they intended to work together on commissions, they generally worked on their own designs within the partnership.   

While a partner in the firm, Boyd continued his friendship and correspondence with Walter Gropius (1883-1969), one of the most important architects of the twentieth century and director of the Bauhaus school of art in Germany before World War II.  Gropius, at the time, was Chairman of the Department of Architecture at Harvard University, and in 1956 offered Boyd a teaching position.
 
In 1960 Boyd published Australian Ugliness, a book on the built environment and Australian suburbs.  

In 1962 Roy Grounds left the practice, three years after winning the competition for the National Gallery of Victoria.  Romberg and Boyd continued their own partnership.  In 1967 Boyd presented the ABC Radio's Boyer Lectures.  

Boyd designed many residences and a few public buildings in Melbourne and some in Canberra.  The buildings in Canberra with which he was associated are:  Professor Manning Clark's House, 1952, 51 Tasmania Circle; Professor Fenner's House, 1953, 8 Monaro Crescent, Red Hill; Dr Hilary Roche House, 1955, Bedford Street, Deakin; Australian Academy of Science, 1958 (designed by Grounds); three houses in Vasey Crescent, Campbell, 1961 (Grounds & Boyd); W G Verge House, 1963, 204 Monaro Crescent, Red Hill; Zoology Building ANU, 1963-8, and the Winston Churchill Memorial Trust Headquarters, 1968-72, Dickson, (part concluded by Neil Clerehan).11

Douglas H Eltringham FIE Aust. 

Douglas H Eltringham, at the time he commissioned Boyd to design his house in Aranda, had recently been promoted to the Department of Defence.  In 1947 he joined the Department of Civil Aviation as a communications Engineer and served in both the department headquarters and in Papua New Guinea.  He joined the Department of Supply in 1962 where he headed the Guided Weapons and Electronics Branch.  He was promoted to the Department of Defence in 1969 and became Deputy Secretary in 1975.  Before being appointed Managing Director of the Australian Postal Commission, in 1981, he was also Secretary of the former Department of Productivity and Special Advisor (Defence Production) to the Department of Industry and Commerce.  As managing director of the Australian Postal Commission he was the only full time member of the Commission out of the seven appointed commissioners.12

DESCRIPTION OF THE PLACE

The house at 12 Marawa Place, Aranda, is a three bedroom residence, that is an example of the adaptation by Romberg and Boyd Architects to Canberra of the Late Twentieth-Century Regional styles (1960- ), with its simple shapes freely composed; concrete roof tiles and stained or oiled timber.13

The elevated residence is located at the end of a cul-de-sac abutting a treed pedestrian and cycle path and has views to the north and west.  It is set back at an angle from the street to face north with the entry path and drive angled across the front, perpendicular to the street.  The street and site are planted with native trees.  

The drive descends down to two garages at the lowest level and is separated from the raised entry path by a 230mm thick slightly curved wall that forms the entry path balustrade.  Where this wall meets the residence, the garage steel lintel beam extends slightly past it.  An off form concrete section of wall extends from the entry door head and side light glazing up to above the internal concrete stair landing, emphasising and giving prominence to the entry.  

The north elevation is a studied composition of large areas of glazing extending up to the under side of the tiled gabled roof; horizontal panels of brickwork below the glazing and a vertical central brick panel above the off form concrete wall section.  The eastern side of the gable has a broken back roof formed along the line of the children’s ‘wing’. The western elevation has a section of 1.8m wide double height glazing that extends above the roof level, set between solid brickwork, and has a separate shallow pitched dormer roof.  

Internally, the planning is set about a central stair that links three levels and separates the children's 'wing' from the parent's and living 'wing'.  Each wing is an approximate square and they are slightly staggered with the children's wing set slightly to the north.  From the half level entry the stair descends to the cellar and two garages and ascends to a narrow passage between the living areas to the west and the children's area to the east. The western wing has a dining room to the south and the kitchen to the north.  The living room occupies the western half of the square with extensive glazing to the north.  The living room is overlooked from the main bedroom above, and both share the vertical panel of west facing double height glazing.  

The two children's bedrooms face north, opening off the full width playroom to the south.  The bedrooms have full width north glazing.  The ceilings to this wing are raked following the pitch of the roof.  The playroom opens through glazed doors to a raised southern terrace.  The combined bathroom/laundry, which is located to the south of the passage and stairs, projects out to the south and is also accessed from the playroom.  

The combination of the slightly staggered wings and the projected bathroom/laundry, and the large roof overhangs, provides protection from the weather to the outdoor spaces.

The main bedroom level is one storey above the dining area and kitchen.  A full-length timber panelled low-level balustrade wall extends along the west side allowing this room to overlook the living room below.  The raked ceiling of the bedroom extends down over the lower living area.  To the north the bedroom opens out through full height glazing onto a narrow cantilevered balcony which projects out from the glazing above and below.  The balcony also provides sun shading to the kitchen.  A wardrobe divides the bedroom providing a separate space to the south.  

The upper level bathroom is located over the lower bathroom/laundry and opens off the top stair passage.

The residence is constructed in cavity face brickwork with timber and concrete floors.  The glazing is timber framed.  The pitched, concrete roof is tiled and gabled, framed with exposed timber beams and rafters externally and beams internally.  The upper level ceilings are raked and follow the slope of the roof.  

Condition

The house is in good condition externally, and mature trees on and around the site add to the aesthetic quality of the house.  The condition of the interior of the house has not been visually assessed.  

Design Comments

The original scale, form and fabric of the house and retaining wall along the driveway enhance the architectural value of the property.  Additional architectural elements of the Late Twentieth-Century Regional style exemplified by the building include:
	- low-pitch gable roof
	- clerestory windows
	- exposed rafters and roof beams
	- timber deck
	- timber awning sash.14

The following features are also integral to the building’s design: the face brickwork externally and internally; large expanses of timber framed glazing; stained timber rafters and roof beams, off form in situ concrete beam to the entry and steel lintel to the garages; large roof overhang; the open planning with the main bedroom overlooking the living area below; the interiors opening out into the landscape; the timber panelling, the original detailing and finishes. Further, the setting of the place enables its scale and form to be seen; including the open form of the entry and general view of the house from the street and nature reserve.

The house can be compared and contrasted with the early significant houses Boyd designed in Canberra in the Post War Melbourne Regional style including: Professor Manning Clark's House, 1952, 51 Tasmania Circle; Professor Fenner's House, 1953, 8 Monaro Crescent, Red Hill; Dr Hilary Roche House, 1954, Bedford Street, Deakin, and the W G Verge House, 1963, 204 Monaro Crescent, Red Hill.15  (The comparison and contrast with places of a similar type will provide the necessary context and depth to assist in analysing the significance of the housing.)  The Marawa Place house and the earlier houses are notable for their unpretentiousness and have a reassuring informal elegance.  In contrast, the earlier houses have low pitched steel roofing that emphasised the horizontal while the Marawa Place house has a tiled roof requiring a steeper pitch.  The earlier houses also have simple planning, and a feeling of lightness and delicacy while the Marawa Place house has a more complex plan with its level changes and a feeling of ruggedness and heaviness due to its roofing and wall materials. 

There are examples of the Late Twentieth-Century Sydney Regional Style (1960- ) in Canberra including the Cater House (1965), Red Hill, by Allen, Jack and Cottier and the Headquarters of the RAIA (1967), Red Hill, by Ancher, Mortlock, Murray and Woolley.16  The split level design of the Marawa Place house can be compared with the Cater House, both are planned to fit to the slope of the land creating complex yet relaxed informal interiors that were carefully contrived.  The textural and tactile qualities of the RAIA building can be compared with the Marawa Place house.

STATEMENT ABOUT THE HERITAGE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PLACE

The house at 12 Marawa Place, Aranda, is significant is a well-preserved example of late 1960s residential architecture.  The setting and the architecture combine to produce a building of integrity, illustrative of modern architecture.  The house exhibits creative and artistic excellence in the Late Twentieth-Century Regional style, and is aesthetically significant for its freely composed simple shapes juxtaposed with fine detailing, all expressed in the textural and tactile qualities of natural materials.

12 Marawa Place, Aranda, exhibits the principal characteristics of modern residential architecture in a National Capital Development Commission ‘Radburn’ planned neighbourhood suburb, with its appropriate human scale and functional domestic planning.  The house is also significant for its association with the housing of high-level public servants in Canberra.  

As a design in the Late Twentieth-Century Regional style of architecture, the house is significant because it is the only example of Boyd’s work in this style in Canberra, and is the last of a small number of residences designed by Boyd in Canberra, one of Australia’s important architects.  It is a good example of Boyd’s work, as identified by the RAIA.  Robin Boyd was recognised for his contribution to architecture, awarded the Order of the British Empire – Commander (Civil) in 1971, the RAIA Gold Medal in 1997, made a Life Fellow of the RAIA and an Honorary Fellow of the AIA, and listed as one of 200 in ‘The People Who Made Australia Great’ in 1988.

12 Marawa Place, Aranda, has been acknowledged for many years as a distinctive example of architecture by professional bodies, and has been included in Boyd’s own publication about his work.  It continues to fulfil its original purpose and its planning remains innovative and sound.

ASSESSMENT AGAINST THE HERITAGE SIGNIFICANCE CRITERIA

Pursuant to s.10 of the Heritage Act 2004, a place or object has heritage significance if it satisfies one or more of the following criteria.  Significance has been determined by research as accessed in the references below.  Future research may alter the findings of this assessment.

(a)	it demonstrates a high degree of technical or creative achievement (or both), by showing qualities of innovation, discovery, invention or an exceptionally fine level of application of existing techniques or approaches;

The creativity of the architect Robin Boyd is apparent in the design of the house at 12 Marawa Place, Aranda, constructed in 1969, which was innovative when compared with other houses built in Canberra.  

The house is of considerable architectural merit; the solution incorporating a split-level plan fitted to a sloping site with an elaborate open plan interior demonstrated an innovative architectural response to the needs of the 1960s family life style. 

The house exhibits creative design and artistic excellence by virtue of its architectural theme of modern architecture in what can be interpreted as a Late Twentieth-Century Canberra Regional style.

It is the last house Boyd designed in Canberra, and is other wise an accomplished Late Twentieth-Century Regional style building in Canberra. 

(b)	it exhibits outstanding design or aesthetic qualities valued by the community or a cultural group;

The house at 12 Marawa Place, Aranda, 1968-69, by Romberg and Boyd Architects, with Robin Boyd as the design architect, is a very good example of a Late Twentieth-Century Regional Style (1960- ) with its simple shapes freely composed; concrete roof tiles and stained or oiled timber.  It is notable for displaying the high design skill of the architect Robin Boyd.  

The following design features are of additional significance: the overall free form; the pitched gable roof and its large roof over hang; timber deck, timber awning sash windows and large expanses of timber framed glazing; face brickwork externally and internally; the off form in situ concrete beam to the entry and steel lintel to the garages; the open planning with the main bedroom overlooking the living area below and the interiors opening out into the landscape; the raked ceilings; internal timber panelling; original detailing and finishes.  

The design of the residence with characteristics of the Late Twentieth-Century Regional styles, in particular, the freely composed simple shapes; the expression of textural and tactile qualities of materials; the elevations which were carefully composed under a sheltering roof, and the setting in the Australian native landscaping; represents an interpretation in Canberra of modern domestic architecture.

The separation of the children’s and parent’s areas has been achieved in a relaxed and informal, though carefully contrived composition with massing reflecting function and landform.  

The house is included in the RAIA ACT Chapter Register of Significant Twentieth Century Architecture, identified by the RAIA as a very good example of the architecture of Robin Boyd, a leading architect who played a significant role in Australia’s cultural history. 
 
(c)	it is important as evidence of a distinctive way of life, taste, tradition, religion, land use, custom, process, design or function that is no longer practised, is in danger of being lost or is of exceptional interest;

This place does not meet this criterion.  

(d)	it is highly valued by the community or a cultural group for reasons of strong or special religious, spiritual, cultural, educational or social associations;

This place does not meet this criterion.  

(e)	it is significant to the ACT because of its importance as part of local Aboriginal tradition

This criterion is not applicable.

(f)	it is a rare or unique example of its kind, or is rare or unique in its comparative intactness

This place does not meet this criterion.  

(g)	it is a notable example of a kind of place or object and demonstrates the main characteristics of that kind

This place does not meet this criterion.

(h)	it has strong or special associations with a person, group, event, development or cultural phase in local or national history

The architect Robin Boyd C.B.E. LFRAIA HFAIA played a significant role in Australia’s cultural history.  He is one of the most important architects of the second half of the twentieth century in Australia; as much for being an architectural historian as for his buildings.  

Robin Boyd was awarded the RAIA Gold Medal in 1970.  The RAIA named its annual national domestic architecture award after him, the Robin Boyd Award.  Boyd was awarded the Commander of the British Empire and was listed as one of 200 "The People Who Made Australia Great", a Bicentennial publication.

The Marawa Place house was Boyd’s last residential commission in Canberra, constructed just before his untimely death at age 52.  It is one of a small number of residences he designed in Canberra and the only example of his work in this manner in Canberra.  It has a special association with him being featured in his book Living in Australia where he states that his intention was to "adopt the materials of its suburb - brick and tiles - to be neighbourly".

The house is important for its association with the housing of high-level public servants in Canberra.  Douglas H Eltringham FIE Aust, at the time he commissioned Boyd to design his house in Aranda, had been promoted to the Department of Defence and became Deputy Secretary in 1975.   Before being appointed Managing Director of the Australian Postal Commission, in 1981, he was also Secretary of the former Department of Productivity and Special Advisor (Defence Production) to the Department of Industry and Commerce.  

(i)	it is significant for understanding the evolution of natural landscapes, including significant geological features, landforms, biota or natural processes

This criterion is not applicable.

(j)	it has provided, or is likely to provide, information that will contribute significantly to a wider understanding of the natural or cultural history of the ACT because of its use or potential use as a research site or object, teaching site or object, type locality or benchmark site

The architecture of this residence has the potential to contribute to the education of students of architecture and may contribute to understanding late twentieth-century architectural styles.  Experiencing heritage buildings enables the visitor to locate the building in its historical and environmental contexts.  These experiences readily enable the establishment, understanding and interpretation of the building’s heritage value and significance.   This house is a very good example of mid-twentieth-century modern architecture, in this case an example of the combination of the Late Twentieth-Century Regional styles, based on freely composed simple shapes and massing reflecting function and landform, combined with the expression of the textural and tactile qualities of materials.  Its innovative planning contributes to its significance and educational heritage.
 
(k)	for a place—it exhibits unusual richness, diversity or significant transitions of flora, fauna or natural landscapes and their elements

This criterion is not applicable.

(l)	for a place—it is a significant ecological community, habitat or locality for any of the following: 
(i)	the life cycle of native species;
(ii)	rare, threatened or uncommon species;
(iii)	species at the limits of their natural range;
(iv)	distinct occurrences of species.
	
This criterion is not applicable.

FEATURES INTRINSIC TO THE HERITAGE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PLACE

The physical features of the 12 Marawa Place, Aranda, that particularly reflect its heritage significance are:
•	The original scale, form and fabric of the house and the driveway retaining wall.  Specifically the overall free form; the pitched concrete tiled gable roof and its large roof overhang; stained timber rafters, roof beams, timber deck, timber awning sash (clerestory) windows and large expanses of timber framed glazing; face brickwork externally and internally; the off form in situ concrete beam to the entry and steel lintel to the garages; the open planning with the main bedroom overlooking the living area below and the interiors opening out into the landscape; the raked ceilings; internal timber panelling; original detailing and finishes.  
•	The setting of the place that enables its scale and form to be appreciated including the open form of the entry and general view of the house from the street and nature reserve.

“Original scale, form and fabric” shall mean that which was designed and built and is shown on the working drawing titled “New House Marawa Place Aranda ACT For Mr and Mrs D H Eltringham” drawings 1 (Plans); 2 (Elevations and Sections) and no drawing number (Longitudinal Section) all dated Jan.1969 by Romberg and Boyd Architects.  Planning Authority of the time “Plan No. 17470.”

REASON FOR REGISTRATION

12 Marawa Place, Aranda, has been assessed against the heritage significance criteria and found to have heritage significance against 4 criteria under the ACT Heritage Act.

APPLICABLE HERITAGE GUIDELINES

The Heritage Guidelines adopted under s27 of the Heritage Act 2004 are applicable to the conservation of 12 Marrawah Place, Aranda.

The guiding conservation objective is that 12 Marrawah Place, Aranda, shall be conserved and appropriately managed in a manner respecting its heritage significance and the features intrinsic to that heritage significance, and consistent with a sympathetic and viable use or uses.  Any works that have a potential impact on significant fabric (and / or other heritage values) shall be guided by a professionally documented assessment and conservation policy relevant to that area or component (i.e. a Statement of Heritage Effects – SHE).

BACKGROUND INFORMATION

1. CONSULTATION WITH STAKEHOLDERS

Draft provisional registration entry was released for public comment on 22 April 2008 and period for public comment closes on 22 May 2008.

2. REFERENCES

1.	Apperly, Richard, Robert Irving and Peter Reynolds 1989 Identifying Australian Architecture, Angus and Robertson. Reid, Paul 2002 Canberra following Griffin  A Design History of Australia’s National Capital, National Archives of Australia.
2.	Apperly et al, op cit.
3.	Ibid.
4.	Goad, Philip, 1999 melbourne ARCHITECTURE, The watermark Press, Sydney.  Conversation with architect Bill Williams who documented the residence.
5.	Apperly et al, op cit.
6.	Boyd, Robin 1970 Living in Australia, Pergamon Press, Sydney.
7.	Compiled from:
•	Howells, Trevor and Robin Boyd, 1982 The Walls Around Us, Angus and Robertson.
•	Serle, Geoffrey 1996 Robin Boyd: a life, South Carlton.
•	Tanner, Howard (ed) 1981Architects of Australia, Macmillan, South Melbourne.
•	Conversations with Bill Williams, and Fritz Suenderman 
•	RAIA ACT Chapter RSTCA records.
•	Transition No 38, Melbourne, 1992, and Australian Honours web site.
8.	Goad, op cit and RSTCA
9.	RSTCA
10.	Australian Postal Commission Annual Report, 1982
11.	ACTPLA Building File, and conversation with architect Bill Williams.
12.	Styles and Terms from 1788 to the Present, Angus and Robertson 1989.
13.	Ibid.
14.	RSTCA.
15.	Ibid.

Other Information Sources

RAIA ACT Chapter RSTCA Citation on 12 Marawa Place, Aranda

3. PHOTOGRAPHS AND PLANS

Figure 1. Front view of 12 Marawa Pl, Aranda

(www.canberrahouse.com/houses/1960s-house-profiles/12-marawa-place-aranda-1968-69/)

Figure 2. Location of 12 Marawa Place, Aranda